Pharmacology Hesi 2023/2024 - Correct Answers

Pharmacology Hesi 2023/2024 - Correct Answers Digoxin (Lanoxin) - positive inotrope (increases force of contraction); negative chronotrope (decreases heart rate). How do you assess for this? Always take apical pulse for one full minute Client with a long hx of daily digoxin and fourosemide (Lasix) use; creates a high risk for dig toxicity because Lasix can cause hypokalemia, which can lead to dig toxicity What can happen when Digoxin is taken with Dronedarone (Multaq), which is another anti dysrhythmic drug)? Digoxin can increase in the blood level and further increase the effects What is the normal digoxin level? Normal serum potassium level is 0.5-2 ng/mL 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Low potassium or magnesium levels may increase risk for What are the signs and symptoms for digoxin toxcitiy? Digoxin toxicity anorexia, bradycardia, headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, and visual disturbances such as blurred, yellow, or halo vision. When should you hold off on giving digoxin drug therapy? if apical pulse is less than 60 What effects do Calcium channel blockers (-dipine; amlodipine (Norvasc), nifedipine (Procardia) cause produce vasodialation and reflex tachycardia (lowers BP but increases HR) Verapamil and diltiazam produce heart rate) Beta blockers have the drug ending Beta 1 blocks receptors in the vasodialation and cardiosuppresssion (lowers BP and Lowers -OLOL such as atenolol, propanolol, esmolol, ect.) heart Beta 2 blocks receptors in the lungs Beta blockers can be non selective so be aware of any emphysema COPD, ect. respiratory conditions such as asthma, A nurse should always check _____ and _____ before giving a beta blocker do not give if HR is below 60 never stop abruptly Why do you never stop taking a Beta BLocker abruptly AP and BP Must taper because angina or MI can orccur When would a nurse hold HTN medication Labetalol? Side effect of Labetalol (beta blocker) is A patient with a low pulse rate. weight gain / fluid retention montioring weight is one of the best indicators of loss/gain 1kg is equivalent to 1,000 mL It is important to assess _____ when taking a beta blocker such as Labetalol is it OK to give nitroglycerin to a patient who is hypertensive? Yes pulmonary If an ICU patient on a nirto drip becomes hypotensive what immediate action should the nurse take? t itrate (decrease the rate) of the nitro drip. This drug is used for a rapid diuresis in emergencies to decrease pulmonary edema (Lasix) a loop diuretic Furosemide (Lasix) can cause hypokalemia When taking furosemide (Lasix) a nurse should assess for what signs of hypokalemia? Furosemide muscle cramps and muscle weakness Hypotension F/E abnormalities dehydration Side effects with aminoglycosides (-mycin drugs) head ache t innitus N/V/D low potassium hyperglycemia ototoxicity Foods containing potassium potatoes, dairy products dizziness dried fruits, fish, leafy veggies, squash, beans, meats, nuts, bananas, It is important to use a large vein, such as AC (antecubital when administering __________ because it can irritate the vein potassium It is important to notify the nurse immediately is burning at the IV site when giving potassium because this can result in necrosis of the tissue Can potassium be given in a fast IV push? at a rate of 10 mEq/hr for peripheral 20 mEq/hr for central line Requires an infusion pump IV site should be assessed every hour NO, always diluted