HESI Pharmacology Exit Exam 2024 A+
What is the indication for metoclopramide/reglan? Prevention of chemotherapy-induced emesis
and diabetic gastroparesis
Side effects of metoclopramide/reglan Drowsiness, EPS such as tremors
Notify MD if what occurs when using metoclopramide/reglan Tremors
What is the indication xenical (orlistat, Alli) For PTs with BMI of 30+; LT weight control
SE of xenical (orlistat or alli) Oily stool and flatulence
Nursing implications for a pt on xenical (orlistat or alli) Ask pt to describe dietary intake since SE
are increased if greater than 30% of fat is in diet.
What can decrease side effects of xenical (orlistat or alli) Fiber laxatives like Metamucil help
decrease SE by binding to the fat.
Which type of fluids need plenty of water? Bulk forming laxatives
Why do you need plenty of fluids when taking bulk forming laxatives Because they can produce
esophageal and or intestinal obstruction
Laxative use assessment Last BM and characteristics, abdominal pain, fever and obstruction.
Assess dietary and fluid intake.
With laxative use the nurse should Encourage fluids, fiber and exercise as tolerated/indicated
Laxative use and result in Lack of bowel tone which can lead to dependency
what is ondansetron (zofran) antiemetic
,What is ondansetron (zofran)used for? Prevention of N/V associated with chemotherapy and
radiation therapy.
Who should you use caution with when giving ondansetron/zofran? PTs with liver failure
Drugs for ulcerative colitis and crohns 5 aminosalicylates; mesalamie, sulfasalazine.
How do 5 aminosalicylates; (mesalamie, sulfasalazine) work? They decrease GI inflammation
Side effects of 5 aminosalicylates; (mesalamie, sulfasalazine) Nausea, rash, arthralgia,
hematological disorders
Which drug can cause colitis/c.diff Linezolid/zyvox
What kind of infection is c.diff Suprainfection
What is azithromycin/zithromax? An antibiotic
What does azithromycin/zithromax treat? STDs such as: gonorrhea and chlamydia
How much azithromycin/zithromax is usually required? One dose of 1g or 2g.
If a female pt has trichomonas (any STI) and is asymptomatic does the male need to be tested?
Yes!
azithromycin/zithromax can cause what? Hepatotoxicity- elevated liver enzymes
What is nitrofurantoin/cipro used for? An antibiotic for UTI
nitrofurantoin/cipro side effect Hepatotoxicity, skin reactions, neuropathy
, nitrofurantoin/cipro nursing considerations Give with milk or meals check LFTs. Watch for
numbness or tingling of extremities this can be an irreversible peripheral neuropathy
Drug of choice for treating c.diff? Metronidazole/flagyl
When is metronidazole/flagyl to be taken? With food and around the clock
What should be avoided when taking metronidazole/flagyl and why? Alcohol; can cause a
disulfiram-like reaction
aminoglycosides examples gentamicin(garamycin), neomycin, tobramycin(nebcin)
how are aminoglycosides ,(-mycin, -micin), administered? given IV for several days
what is an adverse effect of aminoglycosides (-mycin, -micin) decreased hearing/ototoxicity and
nephrotoxicity
what labs need to be evaluated when given aminoglycosides (-mycin, -micin)? BUN and
creatinine
DOC for MRSA vancomycin
what is MRSA severe staph infections that have become resistant to most antibiotics
implications for giving vancomycin acute care requires frequent monitoring og serum drug level
for dose adjustment. peak and trough schedule. trough is drawn just prior to next dose.
risks when using vancomycin nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
SE of vancomycin thrombophlebitis, red man syndrome if infused too rapidly: flushing or rash of
upper body, dyspnea, itching, hypotension- can be lethal
What is the indication for metoclopramide/reglan? Prevention of chemotherapy-induced emesis
and diabetic gastroparesis
Side effects of metoclopramide/reglan Drowsiness, EPS such as tremors
Notify MD if what occurs when using metoclopramide/reglan Tremors
What is the indication xenical (orlistat, Alli) For PTs with BMI of 30+; LT weight control
SE of xenical (orlistat or alli) Oily stool and flatulence
Nursing implications for a pt on xenical (orlistat or alli) Ask pt to describe dietary intake since SE
are increased if greater than 30% of fat is in diet.
What can decrease side effects of xenical (orlistat or alli) Fiber laxatives like Metamucil help
decrease SE by binding to the fat.
Which type of fluids need plenty of water? Bulk forming laxatives
Why do you need plenty of fluids when taking bulk forming laxatives Because they can produce
esophageal and or intestinal obstruction
Laxative use assessment Last BM and characteristics, abdominal pain, fever and obstruction.
Assess dietary and fluid intake.
With laxative use the nurse should Encourage fluids, fiber and exercise as tolerated/indicated
Laxative use and result in Lack of bowel tone which can lead to dependency
what is ondansetron (zofran) antiemetic
,What is ondansetron (zofran)used for? Prevention of N/V associated with chemotherapy and
radiation therapy.
Who should you use caution with when giving ondansetron/zofran? PTs with liver failure
Drugs for ulcerative colitis and crohns 5 aminosalicylates; mesalamie, sulfasalazine.
How do 5 aminosalicylates; (mesalamie, sulfasalazine) work? They decrease GI inflammation
Side effects of 5 aminosalicylates; (mesalamie, sulfasalazine) Nausea, rash, arthralgia,
hematological disorders
Which drug can cause colitis/c.diff Linezolid/zyvox
What kind of infection is c.diff Suprainfection
What is azithromycin/zithromax? An antibiotic
What does azithromycin/zithromax treat? STDs such as: gonorrhea and chlamydia
How much azithromycin/zithromax is usually required? One dose of 1g or 2g.
If a female pt has trichomonas (any STI) and is asymptomatic does the male need to be tested?
Yes!
azithromycin/zithromax can cause what? Hepatotoxicity- elevated liver enzymes
What is nitrofurantoin/cipro used for? An antibiotic for UTI
nitrofurantoin/cipro side effect Hepatotoxicity, skin reactions, neuropathy
, nitrofurantoin/cipro nursing considerations Give with milk or meals check LFTs. Watch for
numbness or tingling of extremities this can be an irreversible peripheral neuropathy
Drug of choice for treating c.diff? Metronidazole/flagyl
When is metronidazole/flagyl to be taken? With food and around the clock
What should be avoided when taking metronidazole/flagyl and why? Alcohol; can cause a
disulfiram-like reaction
aminoglycosides examples gentamicin(garamycin), neomycin, tobramycin(nebcin)
how are aminoglycosides ,(-mycin, -micin), administered? given IV for several days
what is an adverse effect of aminoglycosides (-mycin, -micin) decreased hearing/ototoxicity and
nephrotoxicity
what labs need to be evaluated when given aminoglycosides (-mycin, -micin)? BUN and
creatinine
DOC for MRSA vancomycin
what is MRSA severe staph infections that have become resistant to most antibiotics
implications for giving vancomycin acute care requires frequent monitoring og serum drug level
for dose adjustment. peak and trough schedule. trough is drawn just prior to next dose.
risks when using vancomycin nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
SE of vancomycin thrombophlebitis, red man syndrome if infused too rapidly: flushing or rash of
upper body, dyspnea, itching, hypotension- can be lethal
