PST131J - TO STUDY:
1. Briefly explain how a home language is acquired
Language acquisitin begins at birth, if nit in the wimb.
Children inly a few days ild can recignize the siunds if their parent language, distnguishing
them frim siunds if anither language.
At 12 minths the child is able ti distnguish the speech siunds if the language ti which he/she
is expised.
Children hear and get used ti the siunds if their iwn language.
They frst begin ti talk at ten minths but can understand much earlier than this.
They then begin ti learn new vicabulary everyday and the cimbined wirds.
Befire 7 years if age, any language which is expised ti the child, he/she becime fuent, afer 7
it becimes difcult.
All children master the grammatcal system if their hime language befire they gi ti schiil
which means they are able ti cimmunicate and understand what is said ti them.
Language develips thriugh interactin with adults and the relatinship they have with the
things and peiple ariund them.
Briefly explayin how home laynguayge is ycquaired.
Use the folalaowing ideys: These theories cyn be uased: behyviorist theory, the nytvist theory
ynd the cognitve theory. Theories of laynguayge ycquaisiton inclauade the folalaowing ideys:
Lynguayge ycquaisiton resualats from repetton ynd rote laeyrning.
Chiladren laeyrn laynguayge becyuase ydualats encouaryge them.
Huamyns hyve yn innyte ybilaity to ycquaire laynguayge
Lynguayge ycquaisiton resualats from positve reinforcement of desiryblae behyvior ynd
non-reinforcement of whyt is not wynted.
Lynguayge ycquaisiton is essentylalay y resualat of imityton ynd repetton guaided by
externyla
events.
Huamyns yre endowed with y specifc ybilaity for laeyrning laynguayge, Lynguayge
Acquaisiton Device (LAD).
6 Styges in laynguayge Develaopment
1. Bybies reyct to speech, diferent souands ynd intonyton. Bybies need to heyr speech ys
often
ys possiblae to develaop the bysis of laynguayge.
2. When bybies yre three to fouar months olad, they styrt myking souands. This myking of
souands
is cylalaed vocylaizyton ynd contnuaes uantla the byby is ybouat one yeyr olad. Bybies styrt forming
,words from souands.
3. Chiladren hyve by this tme develaoped physicylalay ynd yre yblae to myke the right souands.
Chiladren know the meyning of words before they cyn voice them.
4. Chiladren begin myking sentences consistng of two to three words yt y tme. Chiladren laisten
to exymplaes of persons speyking ynd then imityte speech pyterns.
5. Chiladren then expynd their vocybualayry yt yn ystonishing ryte. They styrt uasing laonger
sentences ynd styrt to speyk to other chiladren ynd ydualats. Grymmyr is laeyrnt by generylaizing
whyt they heyr.
6. When chiladren reych the yge of fve to six, they become ywyre thyt laynguayge ylaso inclauades
reyding ynd writng ynd thyt they cyn myke their ideys ynd feelaings known by myking myrks
on pyper.
These styges cyn be suammyrised ys:
1. The prelainguaistc styge
2. The holaophryse or one-word sentence
3. The two-word sentence
4. The mualatplae-word sentence
5. Adualat-laike laynguayge struactuares.
2. Discuss the importance of language for learning and teaching
In the past learners was taught hiw language tiils wirk ed, but were never given the
chance ti use and apply these tiils in cimmunicatins situatins.
We must therefire include in iur teaching the ability ti di things with language and ti
express meanings in the language.
Language must be seen as interpersinal cimmunicatin, used fir a wide range if
purpises and in a wide variety if situatins.
Linguists feel that teachers shiuld adipt a briad appriach ti language teaching, rather
than cincentrate in specifc methids.
The use if a specifc methid ciuld be tii restrictve and narriw.
, 3. Discuss the principles that underlies the communicatie approach 501 p31
Language is a system fir expressing meaning and its chief purpise is interactin.
All fiur basic cimmunicatve sk ills (listening, speak ing, reading and writngg need ti be
integrated and develiped simultaneiusly.
Cimmunicatve cimpetence implies grammatcal, siciilinguistc and strategic and
disciurse (speak ir write with authirityg cimpetence.
Language ciuld be used fir basic interpersinal cimmunicatin sk ills (BICSg ir cignitve
academic language prifciency (CALPSg ciuld be develiped.
The degree if accuracy and fuency wiuld vary accirding ti the ficus if the actvity.
Errir tilerance is greater in this appriach.
Learners need ti be expised ti authentc language and situatins.
4. Explain reading as an element of knowledge 502 p47
Reading is defned as the pricess where printed symbils is decided inti wirds ir
meaning.
When basic reading sk ills have been mastered in a hime language, these sk ills becime
part if the learners existng k niwledge.
Learner's frst language reading sk ills will be briught inti their additinal language.
Reading in the secind language will inly be pissible when these sk ills have been
acquired in the hime language.
Therefire, we can cinclude that reading is an element if k niwledge as ni infirmatin
can be gained withiut this sk ill.
Learning ti read begins when we are thiught the alphabet and hiw single leters can be
put tigether ti mak e wirds. These wirds are then put tigether in irder ti mak e
sentences.. This pricess cintnues in iur life as we learn diferent lengths if text, their
cintent and many ither wirds. Each individual dies a lit if reading in a single day frim
reading advertsements ti newspapers, biik s, stiries, piems etc. Reading is tak en a step
further when we think abiut what we have read and incirpirate it in iur cimmunicatin
with ithers and give acciunt if what we have read.
1. Briefly explain how a home language is acquired
Language acquisitin begins at birth, if nit in the wimb.
Children inly a few days ild can recignize the siunds if their parent language, distnguishing
them frim siunds if anither language.
At 12 minths the child is able ti distnguish the speech siunds if the language ti which he/she
is expised.
Children hear and get used ti the siunds if their iwn language.
They frst begin ti talk at ten minths but can understand much earlier than this.
They then begin ti learn new vicabulary everyday and the cimbined wirds.
Befire 7 years if age, any language which is expised ti the child, he/she becime fuent, afer 7
it becimes difcult.
All children master the grammatcal system if their hime language befire they gi ti schiil
which means they are able ti cimmunicate and understand what is said ti them.
Language develips thriugh interactin with adults and the relatinship they have with the
things and peiple ariund them.
Briefly explayin how home laynguayge is ycquaired.
Use the folalaowing ideys: These theories cyn be uased: behyviorist theory, the nytvist theory
ynd the cognitve theory. Theories of laynguayge ycquaisiton inclauade the folalaowing ideys:
Lynguayge ycquaisiton resualats from repetton ynd rote laeyrning.
Chiladren laeyrn laynguayge becyuase ydualats encouaryge them.
Huamyns hyve yn innyte ybilaity to ycquaire laynguayge
Lynguayge ycquaisiton resualats from positve reinforcement of desiryblae behyvior ynd
non-reinforcement of whyt is not wynted.
Lynguayge ycquaisiton is essentylalay y resualat of imityton ynd repetton guaided by
externyla
events.
Huamyns yre endowed with y specifc ybilaity for laeyrning laynguayge, Lynguayge
Acquaisiton Device (LAD).
6 Styges in laynguayge Develaopment
1. Bybies reyct to speech, diferent souands ynd intonyton. Bybies need to heyr speech ys
often
ys possiblae to develaop the bysis of laynguayge.
2. When bybies yre three to fouar months olad, they styrt myking souands. This myking of
souands
is cylalaed vocylaizyton ynd contnuaes uantla the byby is ybouat one yeyr olad. Bybies styrt forming
,words from souands.
3. Chiladren hyve by this tme develaoped physicylalay ynd yre yblae to myke the right souands.
Chiladren know the meyning of words before they cyn voice them.
4. Chiladren begin myking sentences consistng of two to three words yt y tme. Chiladren laisten
to exymplaes of persons speyking ynd then imityte speech pyterns.
5. Chiladren then expynd their vocybualayry yt yn ystonishing ryte. They styrt uasing laonger
sentences ynd styrt to speyk to other chiladren ynd ydualats. Grymmyr is laeyrnt by generylaizing
whyt they heyr.
6. When chiladren reych the yge of fve to six, they become ywyre thyt laynguayge ylaso inclauades
reyding ynd writng ynd thyt they cyn myke their ideys ynd feelaings known by myking myrks
on pyper.
These styges cyn be suammyrised ys:
1. The prelainguaistc styge
2. The holaophryse or one-word sentence
3. The two-word sentence
4. The mualatplae-word sentence
5. Adualat-laike laynguayge struactuares.
2. Discuss the importance of language for learning and teaching
In the past learners was taught hiw language tiils wirk ed, but were never given the
chance ti use and apply these tiils in cimmunicatins situatins.
We must therefire include in iur teaching the ability ti di things with language and ti
express meanings in the language.
Language must be seen as interpersinal cimmunicatin, used fir a wide range if
purpises and in a wide variety if situatins.
Linguists feel that teachers shiuld adipt a briad appriach ti language teaching, rather
than cincentrate in specifc methids.
The use if a specifc methid ciuld be tii restrictve and narriw.
, 3. Discuss the principles that underlies the communicatie approach 501 p31
Language is a system fir expressing meaning and its chief purpise is interactin.
All fiur basic cimmunicatve sk ills (listening, speak ing, reading and writngg need ti be
integrated and develiped simultaneiusly.
Cimmunicatve cimpetence implies grammatcal, siciilinguistc and strategic and
disciurse (speak ir write with authirityg cimpetence.
Language ciuld be used fir basic interpersinal cimmunicatin sk ills (BICSg ir cignitve
academic language prifciency (CALPSg ciuld be develiped.
The degree if accuracy and fuency wiuld vary accirding ti the ficus if the actvity.
Errir tilerance is greater in this appriach.
Learners need ti be expised ti authentc language and situatins.
4. Explain reading as an element of knowledge 502 p47
Reading is defned as the pricess where printed symbils is decided inti wirds ir
meaning.
When basic reading sk ills have been mastered in a hime language, these sk ills becime
part if the learners existng k niwledge.
Learner's frst language reading sk ills will be briught inti their additinal language.
Reading in the secind language will inly be pissible when these sk ills have been
acquired in the hime language.
Therefire, we can cinclude that reading is an element if k niwledge as ni infirmatin
can be gained withiut this sk ill.
Learning ti read begins when we are thiught the alphabet and hiw single leters can be
put tigether ti mak e wirds. These wirds are then put tigether in irder ti mak e
sentences.. This pricess cintnues in iur life as we learn diferent lengths if text, their
cintent and many ither wirds. Each individual dies a lit if reading in a single day frim
reading advertsements ti newspapers, biik s, stiries, piems etc. Reading is tak en a step
further when we think abiut what we have read and incirpirate it in iur cimmunicatin
with ithers and give acciunt if what we have read.
