NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO/ NURS 611 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1/ MARYVILLE NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO DETAILED ACTUAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE ELABORATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 100% QUARANTEED PASS.

NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO/ NURS 611 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1/ MARYVILLE NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO DETAILED ACTUAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE ELABORATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 100% QUARANTEED PASS. Atrophy - ANSWER- decrease in cell size caused by loss of subcellular organelles and substances physiologic atrophy - ANSWER- normal: reabsorption or breakdown of tissues -Thymus gland pathological atrophy - ANSWER- due to an abnormal stressor: disease or loss of trophic support -bed rest/mobility prevents muscle atrophy hypertrophy - ANSWER- increase in cell size: increase in size of organs Physiologic hypertrophy - ANSWER- normal growth of children or muscles in athletes pathological hypertrophy - ANSWER- induced by factors like prolonged or abnormal stress -HTN: monocyte cell increases hyperplasia - ANSWER- increase in number of cells, in normal organ and tissue physiological hyperplasia (compensatory) - ANSWER- increase in size of breasts during pregnancy, endometrium thickening during menstruation, liver regeneration pathological hyperplasia - ANSWER- endometriosis metaplasia - ANSWER- replacement of cells/transformation of one cell type to another -smoking changes noormal columnar ciliated epithelial cells to stratified squamous epithelial cells apoptosis - ANSWER- (physiological) death of cells which occurs as a normal controlled part of an organism's growth or development -extti RBC getting old, recycling iron, inflammatory process: dismantling of neutrophils necrosis - ANSWER- death of cells through disease or injury (cellular death) irreversible necrosis - ANSWER- MI r/t arteriosclerosis #1 cause of cellular injury - ANSWER- hypoxia mitochondria - ANSWER- all about the ATP lysosomes - ANSWER- digestive system of the cells -exzymatic digestion of cellular organelles, halts synthesis of DNA and RNA ethanol - ANSWER- toxin to the body: chronic alc abuse -liver enzymes metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde causing hepatic dysfunction peroxisomes - ANSWER- help to detoxify ethanol, if not working, ethanol turns to fat (fatty liver) sarcopenia/muscular atrophy - ANSWERNucleus - ANSWER- The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information. Ribosomes - ANSWER- serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the sequence of the messenger RNA (mRNA) and, using the genetic code, translates the sequence of RNA bases into a sequence of amino acids. Mitochondria - ANSWER- generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Lysosomes - ANSWER- Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts with hydrolase Peroxisomes - ANSWER- Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify hydrogen, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER- The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration. resting membrane potential - ANSWER- -70-85 millivolts