KAMARAJ COLLEGE
SELF FINANCING COURSES
(Reaccreditedwith “A+” Grade by NAAC)
(Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli.)
STUDY MATERIAL FOR
B.A Criminology
& Police Administration
FORMS of CRIME
II - SEMESTER
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 - 2023
PREPARED BY
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Page 1 of 208
, STUDY MATERIAL FOR CRIMINOLOGY
FORMS OF CRIME
SEMESTER – II, ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 - 2023
Forms of Crime
Unit-I: Conventional Crimes Crimes against property – Theft – Robbery – Dacoity. Crimes
against persons: Murder, Rape, Assault, Kidnapping and Abduction.
Unit-II: White Collar Crime White Collar Crime1 – Causes – Societal Reaction –
Corporate Crimes – Corruption, Tax Evasion, Counterfeiting, Frauds by banking and non-
banking institutions, Insurance frauds and other economic offences. Problems in preventing
White Collar Crime. Cyber Crimes: Phishing, Crimes against women in cyberspace, cyber
bullying, cyber stalking, Identity Frauds etc.
Unit-III: Organized Crimes Definition and characteristics of Organized Crimes ,
Organization and Structure of Criminal gangs, Crime syndicate, Racketeering. Automobile
theft, Gambling, Political Graft, Drug trafficking – Golden Crescent and Triangle.
Environmental Crimes, Narco-Terrorism.
Unit-IV: Terrorism Terrorism – Origin – Causes and Consequences. Forms –
Revolutionary, Nationalist, and Bio-Terrorism. Different types of Terrorist manifestations
in India – Extremism. Militancy, Naxalite, and Insurgency.
Unit-V: Victimless Crimes Prostitution, Homosexuality, Alcoholism1 and Drug Abuse .
NDPS Act. Treatment of Addicts – Alcoholic anonymous and De-addiction Centres.
Page 2 of 208
, STUDY MATERIAL FOR CRIMINOLOGY
FORMS OF CRIME
SEMESTER – II, ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 - 2023
Crime
Crime is an intentional act of commission or omission by a person or group in violation
of Law (Statutory Law, Judicial Precedents, Special or Local Law(s) in force) and
sanctioned by state as Felony or Misdemeanor.
Felony
All serious crimes are a felony. The punishment was death or forfeiture imposed
by Court of Law
Example: Murder, Rape, Kidnapping
Misdemeanor
A less serious class of offences, misdemeanors which were punishable by imprisonment
or fine. Example: Petty Theft, Public Nuisance.
INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860
CRIMINAL LAW (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2018
Crimes against Person
The term “crimes against the person” refers to a broad array of criminal offenses which
usually involve bodily harm, the threat of bodily harm, or other actions committed against
the will of an individual.
IPC Sec 299.Culpable homicide.—Whoever causes death by doing an act with the
intention of causing death, or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely
to cause death, or with the knowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death,
commits the offence of culpable homicide. Example:A knows Z to be behind a bush. B
does not know it. A, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely to cause Z's death,
induces B to fire at the bush. B fires and kills Z. Here B may be guilty of no offence; but
A has committed the offence of culpable homicide
IPC Sec 300. Murder - culpable homicide is murder, if the act by which the death is
caused is done with the intention of causing death.
Example:A shoots Z with the intention of killing him. Z dies in consequence. A commits
murder
IPC Sec 302. Punishment for murder.—whoever commits murder shall be punished
with death or [imprisonment for life], and shall also be liable to fine.
Page 3 of 208
, STUDY MATERIAL FOR CRIMINOLOGY
FORMS OF CRIME
SEMESTER – II, ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 - 2023
IPC Sec 304A. Causing death by negligence.—Whoever causes the death of any person
by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide, shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or
with fine, or with both
Example: A hits B with a vehicle, B died in spot. A confessed that he used his
phonewhile driving the car.
IPC Sec 306. Abetment of suicide.—If any person commits suicide, whoever abets the
commission of such suicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
IPC Sec 307. Attempt to murder.—Whoever does any act with such intention or
knowledge, and under such circumstances that, if he by that act caused death, he would
be guilty of murder, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if hurt is caused to
any person by such act, the offender shall be liable either to [imprisonment for life].
Example:A shoots at Z with intention to kill him, under such circumstances that, if death
ensued A would be guilty of murder. A is liable to punishment under this section.
IPC Sec 309. Attempt to commit suicide.—Whoever attempts to commit suicide and
does any act towards the commission of such offence, shall be punished with simple
imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year [or with fine, or with both.]
IPC Sec 319. Hurt.—Whoever causes bodily pain, disease or infirmity to any person is
said to cause hurt
IPC Sec 320. Grievous hurt.—The following kinds of hurt only are designated as
“grievous”:—
First.—Emasculation.
Secondly.—Permanent privation of the sight of either eye.
Thirdly.—Permanent privation of the hearing of either ear.
Fourthly.—Privation of any member or joint.
Fifthly.—Destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or joint.
Sixthly.—Permanent disfiguration of the head or face.
Seventhly.—Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth.
Eighthly.—Any hurt which endangers life or which causes the sufferer to be during the
space of twenty days in severe bodily pain, or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits.
Page 4 of 208
SELF FINANCING COURSES
(Reaccreditedwith “A+” Grade by NAAC)
(Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli.)
STUDY MATERIAL FOR
B.A Criminology
& Police Administration
FORMS of CRIME
II - SEMESTER
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 - 2023
PREPARED BY
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Page 1 of 208
, STUDY MATERIAL FOR CRIMINOLOGY
FORMS OF CRIME
SEMESTER – II, ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 - 2023
Forms of Crime
Unit-I: Conventional Crimes Crimes against property – Theft – Robbery – Dacoity. Crimes
against persons: Murder, Rape, Assault, Kidnapping and Abduction.
Unit-II: White Collar Crime White Collar Crime1 – Causes – Societal Reaction –
Corporate Crimes – Corruption, Tax Evasion, Counterfeiting, Frauds by banking and non-
banking institutions, Insurance frauds and other economic offences. Problems in preventing
White Collar Crime. Cyber Crimes: Phishing, Crimes against women in cyberspace, cyber
bullying, cyber stalking, Identity Frauds etc.
Unit-III: Organized Crimes Definition and characteristics of Organized Crimes ,
Organization and Structure of Criminal gangs, Crime syndicate, Racketeering. Automobile
theft, Gambling, Political Graft, Drug trafficking – Golden Crescent and Triangle.
Environmental Crimes, Narco-Terrorism.
Unit-IV: Terrorism Terrorism – Origin – Causes and Consequences. Forms –
Revolutionary, Nationalist, and Bio-Terrorism. Different types of Terrorist manifestations
in India – Extremism. Militancy, Naxalite, and Insurgency.
Unit-V: Victimless Crimes Prostitution, Homosexuality, Alcoholism1 and Drug Abuse .
NDPS Act. Treatment of Addicts – Alcoholic anonymous and De-addiction Centres.
Page 2 of 208
, STUDY MATERIAL FOR CRIMINOLOGY
FORMS OF CRIME
SEMESTER – II, ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 - 2023
Crime
Crime is an intentional act of commission or omission by a person or group in violation
of Law (Statutory Law, Judicial Precedents, Special or Local Law(s) in force) and
sanctioned by state as Felony or Misdemeanor.
Felony
All serious crimes are a felony. The punishment was death or forfeiture imposed
by Court of Law
Example: Murder, Rape, Kidnapping
Misdemeanor
A less serious class of offences, misdemeanors which were punishable by imprisonment
or fine. Example: Petty Theft, Public Nuisance.
INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860
CRIMINAL LAW (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2018
Crimes against Person
The term “crimes against the person” refers to a broad array of criminal offenses which
usually involve bodily harm, the threat of bodily harm, or other actions committed against
the will of an individual.
IPC Sec 299.Culpable homicide.—Whoever causes death by doing an act with the
intention of causing death, or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely
to cause death, or with the knowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death,
commits the offence of culpable homicide. Example:A knows Z to be behind a bush. B
does not know it. A, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely to cause Z's death,
induces B to fire at the bush. B fires and kills Z. Here B may be guilty of no offence; but
A has committed the offence of culpable homicide
IPC Sec 300. Murder - culpable homicide is murder, if the act by which the death is
caused is done with the intention of causing death.
Example:A shoots Z with the intention of killing him. Z dies in consequence. A commits
murder
IPC Sec 302. Punishment for murder.—whoever commits murder shall be punished
with death or [imprisonment for life], and shall also be liable to fine.
Page 3 of 208
, STUDY MATERIAL FOR CRIMINOLOGY
FORMS OF CRIME
SEMESTER – II, ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 - 2023
IPC Sec 304A. Causing death by negligence.—Whoever causes the death of any person
by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide, shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or
with fine, or with both
Example: A hits B with a vehicle, B died in spot. A confessed that he used his
phonewhile driving the car.
IPC Sec 306. Abetment of suicide.—If any person commits suicide, whoever abets the
commission of such suicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
IPC Sec 307. Attempt to murder.—Whoever does any act with such intention or
knowledge, and under such circumstances that, if he by that act caused death, he would
be guilty of murder, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if hurt is caused to
any person by such act, the offender shall be liable either to [imprisonment for life].
Example:A shoots at Z with intention to kill him, under such circumstances that, if death
ensued A would be guilty of murder. A is liable to punishment under this section.
IPC Sec 309. Attempt to commit suicide.—Whoever attempts to commit suicide and
does any act towards the commission of such offence, shall be punished with simple
imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year [or with fine, or with both.]
IPC Sec 319. Hurt.—Whoever causes bodily pain, disease or infirmity to any person is
said to cause hurt
IPC Sec 320. Grievous hurt.—The following kinds of hurt only are designated as
“grievous”:—
First.—Emasculation.
Secondly.—Permanent privation of the sight of either eye.
Thirdly.—Permanent privation of the hearing of either ear.
Fourthly.—Privation of any member or joint.
Fifthly.—Destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or joint.
Sixthly.—Permanent disfiguration of the head or face.
Seventhly.—Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth.
Eighthly.—Any hurt which endangers life or which causes the sufferer to be during the
space of twenty days in severe bodily pain, or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits.
Page 4 of 208
