Nutrition in Animals - Objectives
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:
• List products of digestion, define nutrition, metabolism.
• Appreciate the need for energy requirements in animals.
• List some factors that regulate food intake.
• State how energy/food is stored in animals and its
significance.
• Give some functions of food substances, minerals and trace
elements.
, Nutrition in Animals
Nutrition:
• A process by which a living organism assimilates food
& uses it for growth & for replacement of tissues.
Animals need:
• energy for external activity and internal maintenance
• a supply of specific substances, for upkeep and growth,
including:
- amino acids, vitamins, certain other essential nutrients
and trace elements.
, Nutrition in Animals
Energy supply
• The bulk of the organic material used for food consists of
proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
Products of digestion:
• Simple organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen except amino acid (has nitrogen in amino group).
- Amino acids from protein digestion.
- Various simple sugars and disaccharides present in food or
derived from starch digestion.
-- E.g. fructose, galactose and glucose
-- Lactose (glucose and galactose), maltose (from two
units of glucose)
, Nutrition in Animals
Products of digestion:
- Short-chain fatty acids (< 6 carbons) primarily from
cellulose fermentation.
-- e.g. acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid.
- Long chain fatty acids (13 – 21 Cs) from fat digestion.
• Oxidation of these products yields virtually all the chemical
energy animals require.
• Amino group is removed (deamination) before the
remaining short chain organic acids enter the pathways of
intermediary metabolism to generate chemical energy.
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:
• List products of digestion, define nutrition, metabolism.
• Appreciate the need for energy requirements in animals.
• List some factors that regulate food intake.
• State how energy/food is stored in animals and its
significance.
• Give some functions of food substances, minerals and trace
elements.
, Nutrition in Animals
Nutrition:
• A process by which a living organism assimilates food
& uses it for growth & for replacement of tissues.
Animals need:
• energy for external activity and internal maintenance
• a supply of specific substances, for upkeep and growth,
including:
- amino acids, vitamins, certain other essential nutrients
and trace elements.
, Nutrition in Animals
Energy supply
• The bulk of the organic material used for food consists of
proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
Products of digestion:
• Simple organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen except amino acid (has nitrogen in amino group).
- Amino acids from protein digestion.
- Various simple sugars and disaccharides present in food or
derived from starch digestion.
-- E.g. fructose, galactose and glucose
-- Lactose (glucose and galactose), maltose (from two
units of glucose)
, Nutrition in Animals
Products of digestion:
- Short-chain fatty acids (< 6 carbons) primarily from
cellulose fermentation.
-- e.g. acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid.
- Long chain fatty acids (13 – 21 Cs) from fat digestion.
• Oxidation of these products yields virtually all the chemical
energy animals require.
• Amino group is removed (deamination) before the
remaining short chain organic acids enter the pathways of
intermediary metabolism to generate chemical energy.
