SCUBA, SSI Open Water Diver Final Exam 2023(answered)

SCUBA, SSI Open Water Diver Final Exam 2023(answered) pOne atmosphere of pressure is defined as: a) Each 34 feet of depth in freshwater b) each 33 ft. of depth in saltwater c) 1 ata d) All answers are correct./ppThe absolute pressure expressed in terms of atmospheres absolute at 33 ft. in sea water is: a) 1 ata b) 3 ata c) 2 ata d) 4 ata/ppUnderwater, the bending of light rays causes objects to appear to be: a) closer b) the same as the surface c) At an angle consistent with the bend of the light d) Farther away/ppIf you experience pain in your ears during descent: a) Place a finger in the ear canal and gently massage the ear until the pain ceases. b) Continue the descent while gently exhaling into the mask c) Abort the dive d) Stop the descent and ascend until the pain stops./ppSinus squeeze can be prevented by: a) Not diving with a cold b) Wearing earplugs c) Tilting the divers head back and forth d) The Valsalva technique/ppEar squeeze can be prevented by: a) Rotating the jaw, swallowing or Valsalva b) All answers are correct c) Never diving with a cold d) Relaxing/ppThe purpose of equalization is to: a) Remove all fluids from body air spaces b) Introduce additional air into body air spaces in response to increasing external pressure c) Ensure the uneven application of pressure between the water and air space in the body d) Prevent water from entering air spaces in the body/ppDescribing diving with the acronym SCUBA came from what event? a) The development of air pumps in the 19th century b) The development of the demand regulator in 1943 c) Post-WWII equipment refinements d) The invention of the diving helmet in circa 1800/ppThe most efficient breathing pattern for scuba diving is: a) A deep balanced inhalation followed by a long balanced exhalation without any pause between inhale and exhale b) Rapid inhalation and exhalation cycles c) Long slow inhalation and faster exhalation d) Short shallow breaths/ppWhich of the following Total Diving System subsystems best describes the SCUBA unit? a) The information system b) The snorkeling system c) The buoyancy system d) The delivery system/ppAssuming a consistent air consumption rate, diving at a pressure of 4 ata will use __ as much air as diving at 2 ata. a) 4 times b) 8 times c) 5 times d) 2 times/ppAn object immersed in water will be buoyed upward by a force ______ the weight of the water it displaces. a) 2 times b) equal to c) greater than d) less than/ppThe three primary features to look for in a quality Exposure System are: a) Cost, thickness, and seam integrity b) Brand, availability, and thickness c) Cost, quality, and appearance d) Thickness, fit, and seam integrity/ppThe three Basic Rules of Scuba stated in the proper order of importance are: a) Regain control, respond, and react b) Breathe continuously, ascend slowly and maintain control, and never dive alone or beyond your level of training. c) Breathe continuously, use compressed air only, and the 3-R rule d) Maintain buoyancy, breathe continuously, and ascend slowly/ppThe delivery system components are: a) A regulator and an alternate air source b) A regulator, buoyancy compensator device, and a high pressure air cylinder c) A regulator, alternate air source, and a high pressure scuba cylinder d) a regulator and high pressure air cylinder/ppThe Buoyancy Control System components are: a) Buoyancy compensator, exposure suit, and inflation device b) Buoyancy compensator and inflation device c) Regulator, inflation device, and weight belt or BC weight pockets d) Buoyancy compensator, inflation device, and weight belt or BC weight pockets/ppIf a flexible air-filled container at 100 feet of sea water has a volume of 10 cu ft, what would be the volume if it were transported to the surface? a) 30 cu ft b) 20 cu ft c) 15 cu ft d) 40 cu ft/ppHaldanes theory that the human body can withstand a 2:1 pressure difference was revised by D Workman to a nitrogen ratio of: a) 5 : 1 b) 1 : 1 c) 1.58 : 1 d) 3 : 1/ppThe only accepted treatment for Arterial Gas Embolism is: a) All are accepted treatments b) Immediate recompression by taking the victim underwater to relieve the symptoms c) Stabilize in nearest medical facility and transport to decompression chamber for recompression d) Surgery to repair the ruptured lung/ppThe major, and most common, symptom of decompression sickness is: a) Respiratory failure b) Joint pain c) Puffiness in the neck and shoulder areas d) A feeling of euphoria/ppThe transfer of oxygen and nitrogen into the bloodstream occurs through the walls of the: a) Blood vessels b) Bronchiole trees c) Arteries d) Alveoli/ppThe best prevention for decompression sickness is to: a) Dive with a buddy that has a computer b) Plan your dive and dive your plan c) Never hold your breath d) Never dive below 100 ft./ppThe proper first aid for Arterial Gas embolism, Subcutaneous emphysema, Pneumothorax, and Mediastinal Emphysema is: a) All answers are correct b) Watch vital signs, treat for shock and stand by to administer cardio pulmonary resuscitation (if qualified) c) Seek proper medical aid (a recompression chamber) as quickly as possible d) Administer oxygen (if qualified)/ppThe term gradient can be described as: a) The difference between the internal partial pressure and the external partial pressure of a gas b) The total pressure of all gases c) Total tissue saturation d) As always zero when the diver is super-saturated/ppYou should perform a safety stop at 15 feet for 3 to 5 minutes on every dive. a) False b) True/ppResidual nitrogen is defined as: a) The amount of nitrogen dissolved in our blood stream and tissues at the beginning of the first dive of the day b) The amount of excessive nitrogen dissolved in our blood stream and tissues after a dive c) 80% of the gas we breathe d) The amount of excessive nitrogen dissolved in our blood stream and tissues at the beginning of the initial ascent to the surface/ppThe term surface interval is described as: a) The amount of time spent on the surface of the water between dives, excluding time out of the water b) The amount of nitrogen expelled while on the surface c) The amount of time the diver stays out of the water or on the surface between dives d) Travel times to and from the dive site/ppTo use a compass to navigate to a sighted object: a) Point the magnetic needle toward the object and swim b) Point the witness marks towards the object and swim c) Point the lubber line toward the object and swim d) Point the compass towards the object, rotate the bezel until the witness marks are over the magnetic needle, and follow the lubber line./ppThe recommended maximum ascent rate is: a) 25 ft. / min. b) 40 ft. / min. c) 30 ft. / min. d) 60 ft. / min./ppThe reciprocal azimuth for an initial azimuth of 60º is: a) 120 deg. b) 180 deg. c) 90 deg. d) 240 deg./ppUse of the SSI Total DiveLog is important because: a) It contains your medical history and provides important emergency information b) It keeps an accurate record of your personal information and dives c) All answers are correct d) It is an important information resource for future dives/ppThe term repetitive dive is defined as: a) Any dive started more than 10 minutes and less than 12 hours after a previous scuba dive b) Any dive started less than 10 minutes after a previous scuba dive c) Any dive started more than 10 minutes after a previous scuba dive d) A second or subsequent dive at the same location/ppWhen diving in Marine Protected Areas like Marine Parks, divers should: a) Follow the same diving practices as outside the parks b) Only participate in guided dives c) Only collect marine life that is not protected by federal law d) Respect and follow the local Marine Park regulations/ppThe most common injuries occur when: a) A diver steps on a Stingray b) A shark is encountered c) An animal is surprised by a diver's actions and instinctively protects itself d) A diver is entering or exiting the water/ppTwo examples of soft corals are: a) All answers are correct b) Elkhorn and Staghorn c) Sea Fan and Brain d) Black and Red Coral/ppIf a diver is injured by harmful sea life, it is usually because of: a) The diver's ignorance b) All answers are correct c) The diver's negligence d) The diver's aggressive behavior/ppDivers can help protect the marine environment by: a) Keep equipment secured and no dangling b) All answers are correct c) Always be a responsible diver d) Maintaining neutral buoyancy at all times/ppCoral reefs are formed by: a) Christmas tree tubeworms that form a limestone base for coral to grow b) A group of animals known as echinoderms c) Coral animals, called polyps that form skeletal structures d) Limestone deposits that build up over millions of years/ppThe ocean is an important source of life because: a) It provides humans with rain water to drink b) It provides an endless supply of seafood c) It covers so much of Earth's surface d) It is home to many of the first links in Earth's food chain/ppExamples of freshwater marine life include: a) Bass b) Crayfish c) All answers are correct d) Eels/ppPanic can be prevented by: a) Honestly evaluating your dive limitations b) All answers are correct c) Taking Specialty Training d) Properly maintaining your Total Diving System/ppTo achieve the SSI Specialty Diver rating, a diver is required to: a) Complete any 2 Specialty courses b) Complete 1 specialty course and log 6 dives beyond Open Water c) Log a total of 15 dives d) Complete any 2 Specialty courses AND log a total of 12 dives/ppIn an out-of-air emergency, your buddy is close enough, you should: a) All answers are correct b) Perform a controlled Swimming Ascent c) Swim to your buddy, give the out-of-air signal, and share air d) Perform an emergency buoyant Ascent/ppA dependent action to take in response to an out of air emergency is: a) Sharing air using the primary second stage and using the alternate air source for yourself b) An emergency buoyant ascent c) All answers are correct d) A controlled swimming ascent/ppCauses of panic include: a) Using equipment that is unfamiliar or does not fit well b) Certain environmental conditions c) Diving outside a diver's comfort and ability d) All answers are correct/ppThe achieve the SSI Master Diver rating, a diver is required to: a) Be certified as an SSI Advanced Open Water Diver, complete the SSI Stress and Rescue Specialty course, and log a total of 50 dives b) Be certified as an SSI Advanced Open Water Diver and log a total of 50 dives c) Be certified as an SSI Advanced Open Water Diver and complete any 2 additional Specialty courses d) Be certified as an SSI Advanced Open Water Diver, complete any 2 additional Specialty Courses, and log a total of 50 dives/ppThe most important rule when assisting a panicked diver is: a) Always talk in a calm voice b) Do whatever it takes to help the diver survive c) Never needlessly endanger yourself d) Always maintain positive buoyancy/ppSigns of a panicked diver are: a) A diver giving the out-of-air sign while moving toward you b) Slow and erratic movement underwater c) Wide-eyed, fearful look and a fast and erratic breathing pattern d) A diver heading toward the surface before the scheduled end of the dive/ppWhich of the statements concerning sound transmission underwater is incorrect? a) Sound will travel farther underwater than in air b) Divers find it difficult to location the direction of a sound producing the source c) Divers find it easy to talk to each other directly through water d) Sound travels 4 times faster underwater than in air./ppEar plugs: a) Aid equalization of the middle of the ear b) Protect against cold c) Should never be worn while diving d) Protect ears from squeeze/ppGauge pressure is defined as: a) Hydrostatic pressure minus 1 ata b) The pressure at the surface c) The depth reading on a gauge d) Absolute pressure minus 1 ata/ppThe first symptom of a sinus squeeze is usually: a) a dull pain deep within the head b) A sharp pain at the base of the neck c) A crushing pain high in the chest d) A sharp pain above the eyes/ppBody heat is lost at a rate of ____ compared to in air a) 10 - 15 times faster b) 25 - 30 times faster c) 4 times faster d) 1.58 times faster/ppProper equalization techniques must be learned in order to: a) Prevent sinus squeeze b) Prevent ear squeeze c) Prevent squeeze injuries d) All answers are correct/ppSalt water weighs __ lbs per cubic ft., and freshwater weighs __ lbs per cubic ft. a) 10.5 / 15 b) 15 / 10.5 c) 1.58 / 4 d) 64 / 62.5/ppA high pressure scuba cylinder should be stored: a) Secured with a minimum of 500 to 750 psi b) Lying flat with no air c) With the valve slightly open to allow air expansion d) Secured with the valve open/ppOne of the primary factors contributing to heat loss for divers is: a) Absorption b) Convection c) Diffusion d) Refraction/ppThe information system components are: a) Respirator, compass, and SSI Total DiveLog b) Dive computer, analogue instruments if the dive computer does not supply all necessary information, and an SSI Total DiveLog c) High pressure cylinder, mask, snorkel, and fins d) Respirator, snorkel, cylinder, and total SSI DiveLog/ppThe purpose of a BC is to: a) Provide surface floatation b) Maintain neutral buoyancy during the dive c) Control ascent and descent rates d) All answers are correct/ppWhich of the following Total Diving System subsystems best describes the SCUBA? a) Delivery system b) Buoyancy system c) Information system d) Snorkeling system/ppUnder the equipment service program, your Delivery System should be serviced and performance checked: a) Every 3 years b) Every 5 years c) Every month d) Every year/ppA SCUBA cylinder for recreational diving should be filled with: a) A mixture of helium and oxygen b) Pure, filtered compressed air or Nitrox c) A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen d) pure oxygen/ppThe rate at which the body becomes saturated with nitrogen: a) Will vary based on factors, such as depth and blood supply to a particular area of the body b) Is always the same rate c) Is slower at the beginning of the process and faster at the end of the process d) Is faster at the beginning of the process and slower at the end of the process/ppThe most serious lung over-expansion injury is: a) Arterial gas embolism b) Mediastinal emphysema c) Pneumothorax d) Subcutaneous emphysema/ppWhich of the following over-expansion injuries can be characterized by chest pain, breathing difficulties, weakness, and cyanosis (blueness) of the lips and nail beds: a) Pneumothorax b) Subcutaneous emphysema c) Mediastinal emphysema d) Nitrogen narcosis/ppWhich of the following over-expansion injuries can be characterized by fullness in the neck, voice changes, neck swelling, and crackling under the skin: a) Pneumothorax b) Subcutaneous emphysema c) Mediastinal emphysema d) Nitrogen narcosis/ppWhich of the following over-expansion injuries can be characterized by chest pain, difficulty breathing, unequal breathing sounds: a) Pneumothorax b) Subcutaneous emphysema c) Mediastinal emphysema d) Nitrogen narcosis/ppWhich of the following over-expansion injuries can be characterized by euphoria, drowsy, lack of coordination and poor judgement/memory?: a) Pneumothorax b) Subcutaneous emphysema c) Mediastinal emphysema d) Nitrogen narcosis/ppIn air at 1 ata, the partial pressure of nitrogen is ___, oxygen is ___ a) 0.21 / 0.79 b) 1.5 / 0.8 c) 0.79 / 0.21 d) 0.80 / 0.40/ppGas can enter the bloodstream and cause serious damage to the lungs or even death by: a) ascending too fast b) holding your breath underwater c) diving with respiratory congestion d) all answers are correct/ppAbsolute pressure is defined as: a) The pressure at the surface plus 1 ata b) The total pressure exerted on an object c) The weight of the water that surrounds the diver d) All answers are correct/ppThe greatest relative pressure change in sea water takes place between ___ and ___ feet a) 33/66 b) 66/99 c) 0/33 d) 99/132/ppWhich of the statements concerning sound transmission underwater is correct? a) All answers are correct b) Divers find it difficult to locate the direction of a sound producing source c) Sound will travel farther underwater than in air d) Sound travels four times faster underwater than in air/ppThe purpose of a BC is to: a) Control ascent and descent rates b) All answers are correct c) Provide surface floatation d) Maintain neutral buoyancy during the dive/ppDiving at altitude or flying after diving: a) Does not require any special considerations for the diver b) Allows the diver to spend a greater amount of time at depth without exceeding the no-decompression limit c) Requires special diving computer functions, altitude tables and/or refraining from flying from at least 24 hours after the completion of a dive d) allows the diver to ignore the no-decompression limits/ppOverexpansion injuries can be prevented by: a) Never holding your breath while diving b) All answers are correct c) Learning the correct breathing patterns reinforced in classroom, pool, and open water training d) Dive with a properly maintained high-quality Total Diving System/ppA dive computer keeps track of a diver's nitrogen absorption levels so that the diver can: a) Make decompression dives b) Stay within the no-decompression limits on each dive c) Avoid an Arterial Gas Embolism d) Dive deeper than 100 ft./ppWater comprises about ____% of the Earth's surface a) 50% b) 72% c) 85% d) 66%/ppDivers should avoid contact with all corals because: a) Contact can damage the coral b) Contact can be harmful to the diver c) All answers are correct d) Touching corals will damage your equipment/ppThe SSI Responsible Diver Code states that you should: a) All answers are correct b) Dive within the limits of your training and ability c) Accept responsibility for your own well-being on every dive d) Be environmentally responsible on every dive/ppOn all controlled ascents with your buddy, you should: a) Make a safety stop with your buddy b) Monitor your gauges c) Communicate with your buddy d) All of the above/ppWhen diving from an anchored boat in a current, start the dive: a) Into the current b) With the current c) at an angle to the current d) In any direction you wish/ppWaves are caused primarily by: a) Currents b) Wind c) Tides d) Temperature changes/ppIf you find yourself in a rip current when swimming toward shore, you should: a) Swim harder b) Swim in the direction of the current c) Swim at an angle until you are out of it d) Inflate your BC and wait/p