PrepU
Stages of Development
from Birth to
Adolescence
Q&A
2024
,1. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant who is brought
to the clinic by his mother. The nurse observes that the
infant can roll over from his back to his stomach, but not
from his stomach to his back. The nurse should:
a) Refer the infant to a developmental specialist for further
evaluation.
b) Reassure the mother that this is normal for his age.
c) Advise the mother to encourage the infant to practice
rolling over both ways.
d) *Teach the mother that rolling over from stomach to
back usually occurs later than rolling over from back to
stomach.* (Rationale: Rolling over from back to stomach is
a milestone that most infants achieve by 6 months of age,
while rolling over from stomach to back may take longer,
up to 8 months of age. Therefore, the nurse should educate
the mother about this normal variation and not worry her
unnecessarily.)
2. A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old toddler who is
hospitalized for pneumonia. The nurse notices that the
toddler often says "no" to the nurse's requests and tries to
do things by himself, such as brushing his teeth or putting
on his clothes. The nurse should:
a) *Recognize that this is a normal expression of autonomy
and allow the toddler to do simple tasks with supervision.*
(Rationale: Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the
psychosocial stage of development that toddlers go
through, according to Erikson's theory. Toddlers need to
assert their independence and develop a sense of self-
, control. The nurse should respect the toddler's need for
autonomy and provide opportunities for him to do things
by himself, as long as they are safe and appropriate.)
b) Explain to the toddler that he is sick and needs to follow
the nurse's instructions.
c) Ignore the toddler's behavior and do everything for him
to save time and prevent frustration.
d) Reward the toddler with praise or stickers when he
complies with the nurse's requests.
3. A nurse is teaching a group of parents about the
cognitive development of preschoolers. The nurse should
explain that preschoolers typically:
a) Think logically and can understand cause and effect
relationships.
b) *Use symbols and language to represent objects and
actions.* (Rationale: According to Piaget's theory,
preschoolers are in the preoperational stage of cognitive
development, which is characterized by symbolic thinking.
Preschoolers can use words, images, gestures, and
drawings to represent objects and actions that are not
present or real.)
c) Have a realistic sense of time and can plan ahead for
future events.
d) Can perform mental operations and manipulate numbers
and concepts.
4. A nurse is conducting a health promotion class for a
group of adolescents. The nurse should include information
about:
Stages of Development
from Birth to
Adolescence
Q&A
2024
,1. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant who is brought
to the clinic by his mother. The nurse observes that the
infant can roll over from his back to his stomach, but not
from his stomach to his back. The nurse should:
a) Refer the infant to a developmental specialist for further
evaluation.
b) Reassure the mother that this is normal for his age.
c) Advise the mother to encourage the infant to practice
rolling over both ways.
d) *Teach the mother that rolling over from stomach to
back usually occurs later than rolling over from back to
stomach.* (Rationale: Rolling over from back to stomach is
a milestone that most infants achieve by 6 months of age,
while rolling over from stomach to back may take longer,
up to 8 months of age. Therefore, the nurse should educate
the mother about this normal variation and not worry her
unnecessarily.)
2. A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old toddler who is
hospitalized for pneumonia. The nurse notices that the
toddler often says "no" to the nurse's requests and tries to
do things by himself, such as brushing his teeth or putting
on his clothes. The nurse should:
a) *Recognize that this is a normal expression of autonomy
and allow the toddler to do simple tasks with supervision.*
(Rationale: Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the
psychosocial stage of development that toddlers go
through, according to Erikson's theory. Toddlers need to
assert their independence and develop a sense of self-
, control. The nurse should respect the toddler's need for
autonomy and provide opportunities for him to do things
by himself, as long as they are safe and appropriate.)
b) Explain to the toddler that he is sick and needs to follow
the nurse's instructions.
c) Ignore the toddler's behavior and do everything for him
to save time and prevent frustration.
d) Reward the toddler with praise or stickers when he
complies with the nurse's requests.
3. A nurse is teaching a group of parents about the
cognitive development of preschoolers. The nurse should
explain that preschoolers typically:
a) Think logically and can understand cause and effect
relationships.
b) *Use symbols and language to represent objects and
actions.* (Rationale: According to Piaget's theory,
preschoolers are in the preoperational stage of cognitive
development, which is characterized by symbolic thinking.
Preschoolers can use words, images, gestures, and
drawings to represent objects and actions that are not
present or real.)
c) Have a realistic sense of time and can plan ahead for
future events.
d) Can perform mental operations and manipulate numbers
and concepts.
4. A nurse is conducting a health promotion class for a
group of adolescents. The nurse should include information
about:
