Final Exam – Pathologies Questions and Answers 2024

Final Exam – Pathologies Questions and Answers 2024 Hallux Rigidus - Answer-Etiology: limited MTPJ motion, particularly extension MOI: post-traumatic; can result from chronic turf toe, repetitive microtrauma (runners) s/s: decreased and painful first MTPJ extension; pain increased with running, incline, shoes w/ elevated heels Special Test: valgus/varus stress testing Hallux Valgus (bunion) - Answer-Etiology: increased ligamentous laxity MOI: insidious, hereditary, prolonged valgus stress on first MTP s/s: soft tissue inflamed, thickened, and painful Special Test: valgus/varus stress test Turf Toe - Answer-Etiology: hyperextension of MTPJ of great toe MOI: axial load on foot fixed into hyperextension s/s: pain, tenderness, swelling, plantarflexion weakness Special test: great toe lachman test Sesamoiditis - Answer-Etiology: acute or insidious; irritation of bones and surrounding tissue of sesamoid bones MOI: repetitive trauma in running/ jumping sports s/s: pain with certain shoes or activities, pain or snapping as hallux extends during gait, pain focal to one or both sesamoids Special tests: N/A Metatarsal Fracture - Answer-Etiology: acute or insidious MOI: Acute: direct trauma, overload, rotational Incidious: repetitive stress, compression s/s: localized pain with WB, swelling, PPT Special Test: long bone compression Lisfranc Sprain - Answer-Etiology: traumatic, acute, severe pain at time of injury MOI: sudden rotational loading of TMT joints, axial loading that forces toes into extension and foot/ankle into dorisflexion s/s: snapping, popping, or tearing; pain, inability to bear weight or push off; swelling/deformity Special test: intermatatarsal joint play, tarsometatarsal joint play, midtarsal joint play Plantar fascitis - Answer-Etiology: excessive tightness of gastroc pulling on achilles MOI: Acute: forced dorsiflexion on ankle combined with toe extension Insidious: increased activity, distance when running, surface change, shoe change s/s: PPT along medial calcaneal tubercle, stiffness after WB, symptoms increase when barefoot, walking on toes, climbing stairs Special Tests: N/A Severe's Disease - Answer-Etiology: heel pain MOI: acute trauma (heel strike) s:s/ posterior heel pain, worse during and after activity; TTP at or inferior to achilles Special Tests: squeeze test and severe's test Intermetatarsal Neuroma - Answer-Etiology: trauma or repetitive stress leads to chronic irritation of nerves