2024 Infection HESI EXAM WITH ANSWERS

The community health nurse is providing a teaching session about anthrax to members of the community and asks the participants about the methods of transmission. Which answers by the participants would indicate that teaching was effective? Select all that apply. - ANSWER -Inhalation of bacterial spores -Through a cut or abrasion in the skin -Ingestion of contaminated undercooked meat Contact precautions are initiated for a client with a health care-associated (nosocomial) infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The nurse prepares to provide colostomy care and should obtain which protective items to perform this procedure? - ANSWER Gloves, gown, goggles, and a mask or face shield The nurse is caring for a client with meningitis and implements which transmission- based precautions for this client? - ANSWER Private room or cohort client. Meningitis is transmitted by droplet infection. The nurse is preparing to give a bed bath to an immobilized client with tuberculosis. The nurse should wear which items when performing this care? - ANSWER Particulate respirator, gown, and gloves. It's airborne. The nurse prepares to give a bath and change the bed linens of a client with cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. The lesions are open and draining a scant amount of serous fluid. Which would the nurse incorporate into the plan during the bathing of this client? - ANSWER Wearing a gown and gloves. It's contact. Masks are not required unless droplet or airborne. The nurse is preparing a group of Cub Scouts for an overnight camping trip and instructs the Scouts about the methods to prevent Lyme disease. Which statement by one of the Scouts indicates a need for further instruction? - ANSWER "I should not use insect repellents because it will attract the ticks." A client with tuberculosis whose status is being monitored in an ambulatory care clinic asks the nurse when it is permissible to return to work. What factor should the nurse include when responding to the client? - ANSWER Three sputum cultures are negative. The client with tuberculosis must have sputum cultures performed every 2 to 4 weeks after initiation of antituberculosis medication therapy. A client with tuberculosis (TB) asks the nurse about precautions to take after discharge to prevent infection of others. The nurse develops a response to the client's question based on which correct understanding of TB transmission? - ANSWER The disease is transmitted by droplet nuclei. TB is spread by droplet nuclei or via the airborne route. The school nurse prepares a list of home care instructions for the parents of schoolchildren diagnosed with pediculosis capitis. (เหา) Which instruction should the nurse include in the list? - ANSWER Vacuum floors, play areas, and furniture to remove any hairs that might carry live nits. The nursing instructor is observing a student nurse donning a pair of sterile gloves and preparing a sterile field. Which observation made by the instructor indicates the need for further teaching? - ANSWER The student dons the sterile gloves without washing the hands. Two nurses are leaving the room of a client whose care required them to wear a gown, mask, and gloves. Which action by these nurses could lead to the spread of infection? - ANSWER Removing the gown without rolling it from inside out The nurse teaches the mother of a child diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis about measures to prevent transmission of the infection. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further teaching? - ANSWER "It is all right to share towels and washcloths as long as they are bleached after use." The nurse is assisting a female client to collect a midstream urine specimen. How should the nurse implement aseptic technique? - ANSWER Making sure that the fingers avoid touching the inside of the collection container The nurse is giving a bed bath to a client and discovers that an additional washcloth and towel are needed. Which is the most appropriate action to take to obtain the needed items? - ANSWER Wash hands, leave the client's room, and obtain the needed items. The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Besides preventing the transmission of the disease, what are the goals of medication therapy? Select all that apply. - ANSWER -Decreasing the viral load -Delaying disease progression -Maintaining or increasing CD4+ T cell counts -Preventing HIV-related symptoms and opportunistic diseases The nurse provides home care instructions to a client with hepatitis B. Which statement made by the client indicates the best understanding of how to prevent transmission of the disease? - ANSWER "My wife should get the vaccine." The nurse is caring for a client with acute viral hepatitis A who resides in a group home. Which outcome indicates that the most important goal has been achieved? - ANSWER Avoids transmitting the virus to others in the group home The nurse has instructed a client diagnosed with tuberculosis about how to prevent the spread of infection after discharge from the hospital. The nurse determines that the client needs further reinforcement of information if the client makes which statement? - ANSWER "I should use disposable plates, forks, and knives." Because tuberculosis is transmitted by droplet, it cannot be carried on clothing, eating utensils, or other possessions. A client is being discharged to home after 2 weeks with a diagnosis of tuberculosis and is worried about the possibility of infecting family members and others. How should the nurse respond to provide reassurance? - ANSWER The family will be treated prophylactically, and the client will not be contagious after 2 to 3 consecutive weeks of medication therapy. A client with active tuberculosis demonstrates less-than-expected interest in learning about the prescribed medication therapy. The nurse assesses that this client may ultimately need which intervention as a last resort? - ANSWER Directly observed therapy Which action by the parent of an infant with respiratory syncytial virus infection who is receiving ribavirin would indicate a need for further instruction regarding the management of the disease process? - ANSWER Telling the infant's aunt, who is pregnant, that it is acceptable to visit the infant A client is seen in the health care clinic, and a diagnosis of acute sinusitis is made. The nurse provides home care instructions to the client regarding measures that will promote sinus drainage and comfort. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction? - ANSWER "I should use a hot mist vaporizer to liquefy secretions." *use a humidifier instead* A client has been receiving a series of medications as part of intravenous antineoplastic therapy. The nurse should implement neutropenic precautions after noting which laboratory result for this client? - ANSWER White blood cell (WBC) count of 2000 mm3 (2 × 109/L)