2024 LATEST Infection Prevention and Control Exam Questions And Answers

the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage - ANSWER- colonization __ __ __ include sites such as blood, skin and mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and transplacental - ANSWER- port of exit Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms (malaise, low-grade fever, fatigue) to more specific symptoms. (During this time microorganisms grow and multiply, and patient may be capable of spreading disease to others.) - ANSWER- prodromal stage the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of infection can lead to... - ANSWER- suprainfection fluid and cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels [e.g., pus or serum] - ANSWER- exudates Arrange the events of inflammatory response to an injury in the order of their occurrence in a response to injury. Accumulation of fluid at site of injury Rapid vasodilation at site of injury Formation of exudate at site of injury Formation of granulation tissue - ANSWER- 1) Rapid vasodilation at site of injury 2) Accumulation of fluid at site of injury 3) Formation of exudate at site of injury 4) Formation of granulation tissue A pt infected w herpes simplex later complains of itching + tingling. There are no visible lesions found on examination. To which stage of herplex simplex infection does this client belong? Illness stage Incubation stage Prodromal stage Convalescence stage - ANSWER- Prodromal stage (prodrome means "running before"; so prodromal refers to time before specific symptoms appear.) A nurse works in med-surg. Which client should the nurse evaluate as the highest risk for health care-associated infections (HAIs)? 20-year-old client admitted with gastroenteritis 24-year-old client admitted with a fracture of the leg 34-year-old client admitted for appendectomy 53-year-old diabetic client admitted for herniorraphy - ANSWER- 53-year-old diabetic client admitted for herniorraphy A nurse is changing the dressing of a client at a bedside table. Which techniques of asepsis should be performed? Select all that apply. Wearing a mask Using protective eyewear Using an instant alcohol hand antiseptic The nurse should have well-manicured nails Washing hands with soap and water followed by rinsing under stream of water for 15 seconds - ANSWER- Using an instant alcohol hand antiseptic The nurse should have well-manicured nails Washing hands with soap and water followed by rinsing under stream of water for 15 seconds 10 yo client w symptoms of a throat infection develops rheumatic fever. What could be the possible causative organism for the throat infection + rheumatic fever in this pt? Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus (beta-hemolytic group A) Streptococcus (beta-hemolytic group B) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - ANSWER- Streptococcus (beta-hemolytic group A) The nurse reads the differential count of WBC's + makes a note that the eosinophils, basophils, + monocytes are w/in normal limits. The neutrophilic count, which should be between 55%-70%, is increased to 90%. The lymphocytes, which should be between 20%-40%, are increased to 60%. What does the increased count indicate? Select all that apply. Sepsis Viral infection Tuberculosis infection Chronic bacterial infection Acute suppurative infection - ANSWER- Viral infection Chronic bacterial infection Acute suppurative infection _____ are increased when there is chronic viral and bacterial infection - ANSWER- Lymphocytes _____ WBC's that ingest + destroy microorganisms by a process called phagocytosis - ANSWER- Lymphocytes How should you apply antiseptic on an infected surgical wound? Select all that apply. Wipe around the edge of the wound first. Wipe the center of the wound first. Clean outward from the wound. Clean inward toward the wound. Clean the wound using strokes in any direction - ANSWER- Wipe around the edge of the wound first. Clean outward from the wound. Accumulation of fluid, dead tissue cells + WBCs forms an ____ at the site of inflammation - ANSWER- exudate Describe the 3 types of exudate (serous, sanguineous, + purulent) - ANSWER- serous = is clear sanguineous = contains red blood cells purulent = wbc's + bacteria Infection coming from someone else - ANSWER- exogenous Infection coming from you - ANSWER- endogenous Increased in chronic bacterial and viral infection, decreased in sepsis (which wbc's?) - ANSWER- lymphocytes Increased in protozoan, rickettsial, and tuberculosis infections (which wbc) - ANSWER- monocytes which wbc's are increased in parasitic infection? - ANSWER- eosiniophils Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is elevated in presence of... - ANSWER- inflammatory process 2 types of aseptic techniques - ANSWER- medical and surgical ____ precautions apply to contact with blood, body fluid, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes from all patients - ANSWER- standard Pt admitted to hospital for fever, diarrhea, + vomiting receives the lab reports. The neutrophils are 20%. Pt is worried + asks about it. What probable reason for reduced neutrophil count should you tell pt? Sepsis