Unit 6 - F Genetic Control

AS LEVEL
B I O LO GY

,6 Nucleic acids and protein synthesis .....................3

6.1 Structure and replication of DNA..................................3
Structure of DNA and RNA ..........................................3
6.2 Protein synthesis ..........................................................8

Genes and mutations ...................................................8
DNA, RNA and protein synthesis .................................9

, 6 NUCLEIC ACIDS A
PROTEIN SYNTHES
Nucleic acids have roles in the storage and retrieval of genetic information
of this information to synthesize polypeptides. DNA is an extremely stable
cells replicate with extreme accuracy. The genetic code is used by cells for
amino acids in correct sequences to make polypeptides. In eukaryotes this
processes of transcription in the nucleus to produce short-lived molecules of
RNA followed by translation in the cytoplasm.


Candidates will be expected to use the knowledge gained in this section to
in familiar and unfamiliar contexts.



6 .1 S T R U C T U R E A N D
REPLIC ATION OF DN A
Understanding the structure of nucleic acids allows an understanding of the
storage of genetic information and how that information is used in the synth
proteins.


LEARNING OUTCOMES

C ANDIDATES SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

A. describe the structure of nucleotides, including the phosphorylated nucl
(structural formulae are not required)


Structure of DNA and RNA


- DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and RNA for ribonucleic acid; as