STR Exam 2023 with complete solution
Phonology
The study of sound patterns and their meaning, it observes sound patterns across a
language (Ex. Phonetics how the letter t in the word tip is spoken)
Morphology
The study of words, the structure of words (ex. Stems, prefixes, suffixes)
Syntax
The formation of words into sentences (Ex. subject + verb + direct object formula)
Lexicon
The set of meaningful vocabulary in a language (ex. A dictionary)
Semantics
study of meaning. Ex.) destination and last stop. (They mean the same thing)
Phonemes
Smallest unit of sound (ex. letter sounds, "c")
Phonological Awareness
identifying and manipulating oral language. (sound structure of words)
Morpheme
- The smallest unit of language (ex. Prefix like pre, or suffix like -ed)
Syllables
Sound units in language that include a vowel typically surrounded by a consonant. Ex.)
"book" - 1 syllable, "reading" 2 syllables
R Controlled Syllables
A syllable with a vowel which is controlled by the letter "r" or the /r/ sound. Ex.) Tar, far,
car, bar, star
Onset
the initial phonological unit of any word (c in cat)
Rime
refers to the string of letters that follow (example: at in cat)
Blending
a way of decoding words and building the different sounds together. (ex. Breakfast and
lunch to brunch or m-o-m- to mom)
Segmenting
this involves hearing a word and splitting it up into phonemes, into individual sounds
(example: r-u-n)
Substitution in a Running Record
the student substitutes a word in the text for another word and replaces the original
word (Example: child reads went instead of want in text without correcting themselves)
Omission in a Running Record
the students leave out a word or a phrase in a sentence when reading it. Example: In
the sentence, "The family went to the park.", the student leaves out the "the" in the
sentence reading " The family went to park."
Addition in a Running Record
The student adds in a word or phrase in the text that wasn't there. (EX: The dog ran in
the park. The student reads 'The dog ran fast in the park.')
Graphemes
Phonology
The study of sound patterns and their meaning, it observes sound patterns across a
language (Ex. Phonetics how the letter t in the word tip is spoken)
Morphology
The study of words, the structure of words (ex. Stems, prefixes, suffixes)
Syntax
The formation of words into sentences (Ex. subject + verb + direct object formula)
Lexicon
The set of meaningful vocabulary in a language (ex. A dictionary)
Semantics
study of meaning. Ex.) destination and last stop. (They mean the same thing)
Phonemes
Smallest unit of sound (ex. letter sounds, "c")
Phonological Awareness
identifying and manipulating oral language. (sound structure of words)
Morpheme
- The smallest unit of language (ex. Prefix like pre, or suffix like -ed)
Syllables
Sound units in language that include a vowel typically surrounded by a consonant. Ex.)
"book" - 1 syllable, "reading" 2 syllables
R Controlled Syllables
A syllable with a vowel which is controlled by the letter "r" or the /r/ sound. Ex.) Tar, far,
car, bar, star
Onset
the initial phonological unit of any word (c in cat)
Rime
refers to the string of letters that follow (example: at in cat)
Blending
a way of decoding words and building the different sounds together. (ex. Breakfast and
lunch to brunch or m-o-m- to mom)
Segmenting
this involves hearing a word and splitting it up into phonemes, into individual sounds
(example: r-u-n)
Substitution in a Running Record
the student substitutes a word in the text for another word and replaces the original
word (Example: child reads went instead of want in text without correcting themselves)
Omission in a Running Record
the students leave out a word or a phrase in a sentence when reading it. Example: In
the sentence, "The family went to the park.", the student leaves out the "the" in the
sentence reading " The family went to park."
Addition in a Running Record
The student adds in a word or phrase in the text that wasn't there. (EX: The dog ran in
the park. The student reads 'The dog ran fast in the park.')
Graphemes
