LATEST Iowa Ornamental and Turfgrass Pest Management Category 3 OT VERIFIED 100% PASS SOLUTIONS REVISED 2023//2024

CH1 Define integrated pest management - ANSWER IPM is a system that uses all available and suitable pest control tactics to reduce pest population to tolerable levels while minimizing adverse environmental side affects CH1 Explain how aesthetic thresholds affect IPM tactics - ANSWER IPM establishes aesthetic thresholds based on tolerance, personal comfort, taste, plant appearance, and specific site and environmental conditions. CH1 Explain how IPM can reduce the use of pesticides - ANSWER IPM reduces hazards by reducing overall pesticide use, using least hazardous pesticides when there is a demonstrated need, and taking special protective measures to reduce pesticide exposure living organisms and the environment. CH1 List the six control strategies used in IPM - ANSWER 1. Cultural 2. Mechanical 3. Host Resistance 4. Biological 5. Regulatory 6. Chemical Practices Define pesticide - ANSWER substances or mixture thereof intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, or regulate plant growth. Contact pesticide - ANSWER pesticide that controls a pest when it comes into direct contact with the pesticide Systemic pesticide - ANSWER A pesticide that is absorbed and transported around a plant in the sap Preemergence Herbicide - ANSWER a herbicide applied before weed or crop germination Postemergence Herbicide - ANSWER a herbicide applied after weeds are actively growing Plant diseases application timing - ANSWER Efficacy of many fungicides that susceptible tissues be protected before any infection begins or at first appearance of symptoms Insects application timing - ANSWER The younger the insect stage the more susceptible it is to chemical control Annual weeds - ANSWER easiest to control early in the spring while they are still small. Biennials (Winter Annuals) - ANSWER Should be treated in the fall or early spring when in the rosette stage. Perennial weeds - ANSWER can be controlled with herbicide applications made in the early bloom stage or fall when the plant is transporting food reserves to the underground root system. Explain how pesticide resistance develops in a pest population - ANSWER Resistance is an inherited trait that results from repeated applications of pesticides with the same site of action or mode of action. Importance of numeric codes on pesticide label and pesticide resistance - ANSWER Pest managers can quickly tell a pesticide site or mode of action. Four ways to minimize pesticide drift - ANSWER Using a hand-held spray gun, correctly chosen nozzles, reduced spray pressure, and keeping spray nozzle near the target. How can pesticides injure nontarget plants - ANSWER pesticides can injure non-target plants is by moving into the root zone of the ornamental plant where they can be absorbed and through drift Posting rules for pesticide application - ANSWER 1. At the start of application 2. Signs should be made with weather resistant material. 3. Measure 4.0 inches by 5.0 inches with a minimum of 0.38 inch lettering 4. Signs must be at least 12.0 inches above the top of the grass line or 18.0 inches. 5. The words, ''This area chemically treated. Keep off. Do not remove signs for 24 hours.'' 6. Signs should be displayed for at least 24 hours after application or longer if required by product label. Cleaning up surfaces after a granular application - ANSWER Blow or sweep the material back into the turf grass area so people, pets or wildlife entering the area will not pick them up. Two characteristics of water that may influence the effectiveness of a spray mixture - ANSWER Alkaline hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis Leaves - ANSWER Foliar Spray Wiper application Soil - ANSWER Surface soil application Soil drench Soil injection Trunk - ANSWER Bark spray Basal spray Trunk injection Stump - ANSWER Cut stump Use of small capacity sprayers - ANSWER Suitable for treating induvial plants, trunks or stems, basal bark, cut stumps, and small turfgrass areas. Use of Hose-end spray gun - ANSWER Used for broadcast applications to the ornamental landscape are either high or low-pressure units. Use of Boom Sprayers - ANSWER Used for large area applications to turfgrass sites such as estate lawns, parks and golf courses.