lOMoARcPSD|29700879
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CHILDREN ADOLESCENTS STUDY NOTES 2024
Module 1:
Maslow hierarchy needs
1. Biological and psychological needs - food, drink shelter
2. Safety needs - security, law, limits, protection, bullying, abuse
3. Belongingness and love needs - family, affection, workgroups
4. Esteem needs - achievement, status, responsibility
5. Cognitive needs - knowledge, meaning, self-awareness
6. Aesthetic needs - beauty, balance form.
7. Self -Actualization - personal growth, self-fulfillment
8. Transcendence- helping others to self-actuate.
Physical development
Infancy (birth - 2 years)
Infants
1. Holds heads up
2. Roll over
3. Reach for things
4. Sit
5. Crawl
6. Begin to walk
7. Increased coordination
8. Manipulate objects with hands
2 year old
1. Feed themselves
2. Jump and run
3. Throw a ball
4. Pull a zipper down
5. Make a tower of blocks
Early childhood (2-6 years)
Toddlers:
1. Love to run
2. Hop
3. Tumble
4. Play
, lOMoARcPSD|29700879
5. Swing
6. Fine motor skills developing
, lOMoARcPSD|29700879
7. Can string beads
8. Do jigsaw puzzles
By age 4
1. Print name
2. Dress and undress
3. Eats with utensils
By age 6 :
1. Print letters and numbers
2. Use pencils, crayons and paint with more control
3. Bounces a ball and catches the ball
Middle childhood (6-10 yrs)
1. Slow and steady weight gain
2. Speed and coordination improve
3. Begin organized sports
By Age 10:
1. Tie their shoes
2. Improved writing skills
3. Engages in organised sports
Adolescence (10 -18 years) - Middle and high school
1. Weight and height increase rapidly, puberty begins
2. Girls typically begin puberty before boys.
By late adolescence
1. Boys are typically taller and more muscular than girls of the same age.
2. Girls’ physical growth slows
3. Boys may grow into early adulthood.
************************************
Module 2:
Piaget : Cognitive development
1. When we hear about something new we organise it and put it in scheme.
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CHILDREN ADOLESCENTS STUDY NOTES 2024
Module 1:
Maslow hierarchy needs
1. Biological and psychological needs - food, drink shelter
2. Safety needs - security, law, limits, protection, bullying, abuse
3. Belongingness and love needs - family, affection, workgroups
4. Esteem needs - achievement, status, responsibility
5. Cognitive needs - knowledge, meaning, self-awareness
6. Aesthetic needs - beauty, balance form.
7. Self -Actualization - personal growth, self-fulfillment
8. Transcendence- helping others to self-actuate.
Physical development
Infancy (birth - 2 years)
Infants
1. Holds heads up
2. Roll over
3. Reach for things
4. Sit
5. Crawl
6. Begin to walk
7. Increased coordination
8. Manipulate objects with hands
2 year old
1. Feed themselves
2. Jump and run
3. Throw a ball
4. Pull a zipper down
5. Make a tower of blocks
Early childhood (2-6 years)
Toddlers:
1. Love to run
2. Hop
3. Tumble
4. Play
, lOMoARcPSD|29700879
5. Swing
6. Fine motor skills developing
, lOMoARcPSD|29700879
7. Can string beads
8. Do jigsaw puzzles
By age 4
1. Print name
2. Dress and undress
3. Eats with utensils
By age 6 :
1. Print letters and numbers
2. Use pencils, crayons and paint with more control
3. Bounces a ball and catches the ball
Middle childhood (6-10 yrs)
1. Slow and steady weight gain
2. Speed and coordination improve
3. Begin organized sports
By Age 10:
1. Tie their shoes
2. Improved writing skills
3. Engages in organised sports
Adolescence (10 -18 years) - Middle and high school
1. Weight and height increase rapidly, puberty begins
2. Girls typically begin puberty before boys.
By late adolescence
1. Boys are typically taller and more muscular than girls of the same age.
2. Girls’ physical growth slows
3. Boys may grow into early adulthood.
************************************
Module 2:
Piaget : Cognitive development
1. When we hear about something new we organise it and put it in scheme.
