FCCS (FUNDAMENTALS OF CRITICAL
CARE SUPPORT) QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST
2024.
• What is the single most important indicator in critical
illness?: tachypnea
• Beck's Triad: hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds
• a/w cardiac tamponade
• What is the thyromental distance?: It is the distance in
finger breadths be- tween the anterior prominence of the
thyroid cartilage (adam's apple) and the tip ofthe mandible
(chin). It is an estimate of the length of the mandible and the
available space anterior to the larynx
• What does it mean when the thyromental space is < 3
fingerbreadths?: -approx 6 cm
• indicates the larynx might be more anterior and therefore
difficult to visualizeduring laryngoscopy
** a more acute angulation of the stylet at the distal end of the
endotracheal tubemay be helpful.
• Patient is apneic w/ a pulse. What do you do?: Bag them.
• One handed bag compressions should be delivered 10-
20 times per min. Eachcompression should take place over
1 second.
** If patient starts spontaneously breathing, try to be
synchronous with theirrespiratory efforts.
,** If/once the patient is breathing easily and adequate Vt are
being inhaled, enoughto produce minute ventilation, stop
bagging.
• What is the goal of manual mask ventilation?: to provide
adequate minute ventilation: the product of the tidal volume
delivered during each resuscitation bagcompression and the
number of compressions per min.
** The total gas volume within most adult resus bags is 1 to 1.5
LITERS
• Bag mask should be connected to % oxygen
and flow at a rateof : 100%
oxygen at a rate of 15L/min
• HFNC: - Uses up to 100% oxygen source
• Provides higher amounts of FIO2 (0.32-1.0) in patients with
high minute ventila-tion requirements by matching patient's
inspiratory demands and minimizing air dilution
• These devices also can generate PEEP (that is difficult to
measure; can causebarotrauma in theory)
• Flow rates up to 60L/min
• heated and humidified oxygen
• NRB: - AKA Reservoir Face Mask
• Bag is filled with 100% oxygen from a supply source (tank)
• The flow rate must be adjusted so that the bag remains
completely or partiallydistended throughout the respiratory
cycle
• When the mask is properly applied, oxygen delivery can be
maximized but rarelyexceeds a FIO2 of 0.6 to 0.9
• One way flap valves minimize entrapment of room air which
dilutes FiO2
,• NRB is a high oxygen high, flow device.
• non humidified oxygen
** commonly used to improve oxygenation in patients with
severe hypoxemia untilfurther eval and treatments are
accomplished.
• Aerosol Face Mask: - This mask has large side holes,
the mask itself is attached to large bore tubing to a nebulize
that blends 100% oxygen and roomair to deliver a PRESET
FIO2 level (done by dial on oxygen adapter)
• If the entire aerosol mist disappears from the mask during.
inhalation, the patient's inspiratory flow demands are probably
exceeding the capacity of the nebulizer and room air is being
entrained.
• minimum flow rate = 8L/min
- Max FIO2 = 40-60%
• This is a variable oxygen, moderate-flow device.
• Simple Face Mask: - minimum flow rate: 6L/min (to clear
CO2 from mask)
• humidified O2
• Approx. concentrations L to FIO2 ratios:
6L = 40%
7L = 50%
8L = 60%
• Venturi Face Mask: - aka air entrainment face mask
, • delivers O2 through a jet mixing device that increases the
velocity of oxygen andcauses a controlled entrainment
• the FiO2 can be more precisely controlled from .24 to .5
(24% to 50%) at high flow rates simply my selecting the
interchangeable nozzle and adjusting the O2flow rate
• this is a high flow, controlled oxygen device.
• Nasal Cannula flow rate to FIO2 estimates if RR and
tidal volumes arenormal: 1L = 24%
2L = 28%
3L = 32%
4L = 36%
5L = 40%
6L = 44%
• NPPV uses two levels of positive airway pressure,
combining modalitiesof pressure support ventilation and
what?: CPAP
• What is CPAP?: continuous positive airway pressure
• Allows spontaneous breathing from a gas source at an
elevated baseline systempressure (higher than atmospheric
pressure)
• Functionally equivalent to PEEP.
• By convention, PSV mode is referred to as
and CPAP is referredto as
when talking about NPPV/BIPAP: PSV = IPAP
CPAP = EPAP
The difference between these two numbers determines the tidal
volume generated.
CARE SUPPORT) QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST
2024.
• What is the single most important indicator in critical
illness?: tachypnea
• Beck's Triad: hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds
• a/w cardiac tamponade
• What is the thyromental distance?: It is the distance in
finger breadths be- tween the anterior prominence of the
thyroid cartilage (adam's apple) and the tip ofthe mandible
(chin). It is an estimate of the length of the mandible and the
available space anterior to the larynx
• What does it mean when the thyromental space is < 3
fingerbreadths?: -approx 6 cm
• indicates the larynx might be more anterior and therefore
difficult to visualizeduring laryngoscopy
** a more acute angulation of the stylet at the distal end of the
endotracheal tubemay be helpful.
• Patient is apneic w/ a pulse. What do you do?: Bag them.
• One handed bag compressions should be delivered 10-
20 times per min. Eachcompression should take place over
1 second.
** If patient starts spontaneously breathing, try to be
synchronous with theirrespiratory efforts.
,** If/once the patient is breathing easily and adequate Vt are
being inhaled, enoughto produce minute ventilation, stop
bagging.
• What is the goal of manual mask ventilation?: to provide
adequate minute ventilation: the product of the tidal volume
delivered during each resuscitation bagcompression and the
number of compressions per min.
** The total gas volume within most adult resus bags is 1 to 1.5
LITERS
• Bag mask should be connected to % oxygen
and flow at a rateof : 100%
oxygen at a rate of 15L/min
• HFNC: - Uses up to 100% oxygen source
• Provides higher amounts of FIO2 (0.32-1.0) in patients with
high minute ventila-tion requirements by matching patient's
inspiratory demands and minimizing air dilution
• These devices also can generate PEEP (that is difficult to
measure; can causebarotrauma in theory)
• Flow rates up to 60L/min
• heated and humidified oxygen
• NRB: - AKA Reservoir Face Mask
• Bag is filled with 100% oxygen from a supply source (tank)
• The flow rate must be adjusted so that the bag remains
completely or partiallydistended throughout the respiratory
cycle
• When the mask is properly applied, oxygen delivery can be
maximized but rarelyexceeds a FIO2 of 0.6 to 0.9
• One way flap valves minimize entrapment of room air which
dilutes FiO2
,• NRB is a high oxygen high, flow device.
• non humidified oxygen
** commonly used to improve oxygenation in patients with
severe hypoxemia untilfurther eval and treatments are
accomplished.
• Aerosol Face Mask: - This mask has large side holes,
the mask itself is attached to large bore tubing to a nebulize
that blends 100% oxygen and roomair to deliver a PRESET
FIO2 level (done by dial on oxygen adapter)
• If the entire aerosol mist disappears from the mask during.
inhalation, the patient's inspiratory flow demands are probably
exceeding the capacity of the nebulizer and room air is being
entrained.
• minimum flow rate = 8L/min
- Max FIO2 = 40-60%
• This is a variable oxygen, moderate-flow device.
• Simple Face Mask: - minimum flow rate: 6L/min (to clear
CO2 from mask)
• humidified O2
• Approx. concentrations L to FIO2 ratios:
6L = 40%
7L = 50%
8L = 60%
• Venturi Face Mask: - aka air entrainment face mask
, • delivers O2 through a jet mixing device that increases the
velocity of oxygen andcauses a controlled entrainment
• the FiO2 can be more precisely controlled from .24 to .5
(24% to 50%) at high flow rates simply my selecting the
interchangeable nozzle and adjusting the O2flow rate
• this is a high flow, controlled oxygen device.
• Nasal Cannula flow rate to FIO2 estimates if RR and
tidal volumes arenormal: 1L = 24%
2L = 28%
3L = 32%
4L = 36%
5L = 40%
6L = 44%
• NPPV uses two levels of positive airway pressure,
combining modalitiesof pressure support ventilation and
what?: CPAP
• What is CPAP?: continuous positive airway pressure
• Allows spontaneous breathing from a gas source at an
elevated baseline systempressure (higher than atmospheric
pressure)
• Functionally equivalent to PEEP.
• By convention, PSV mode is referred to as
and CPAP is referredto as
when talking about NPPV/BIPAP: PSV = IPAP
CPAP = EPAP
The difference between these two numbers determines the tidal
volume generated.
