From the Greek Word ANTHROPOS (man) + LOGY (study)
ANTHROPOLOGY - the science or study of man.
Anthropology
-defined as the scientific study of human beings, human behavior, and the different
societies that have existed in the past and what we have now at present.
-the systematic study of humanity, with the main goal of understanding our human
origins, our uniqueness as a species, and the great diversity in our forms of social
existence across the world and through time.
RELATIONSHIP of ANTHROPOLOGY to other DISCIPLINES
1. Anthropology and Sociology share an interest in social relations, organization, and
behaviors.
2. Anthropology and Psychology studies about the different cultural and mental
processes of man. (Cognition, emotion. Motivation, and psychological processes).
3. Anthropology and Education research from anthropology extends from experts to
classrooms into homes, neighborhoods, and communities.
4. Anthropology and Business through micro enculturation (the gradual acquisition of
the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person, another culture, etc.)
FOUR MAJOR FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1.Biological Anthropology/ Physical Anthropology studies the HOMO SAPIENS as
biological beings both in the present and in the past to explain and describe the
evolution of our species.
- Paleoanthropology also spelled Palaeoanthropology, Also called Human
Paleontology, an interdisciplinary branch of anthropology concerned with the
origins and development of early humans.
- Primatology is the study of primate orders of mammals other than recent
humans (Homo sapiens).
2. Cultural Anthropology/ Social Anthropology study of the description and
comparison of the adaptation made by human groups to the diverse ecosystem on
earth.
- Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual
cultures. In contrast with ethnology, ethnography. Explores cultural phenomena
from the point of view of the subject of the study.
- Ethnology is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the
characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them.
3. Archaeology is a systematic study of remains of the previous culture as a means of
reconstructing the lifeways of the people who lived in the past.
Prehistoric Archeology
1. Artifacts- object made or altered by humans
2.Features- no portable evidence of technology (roads, buildings)
3.Eco facts- natural materials such as plants and animals.
,4. Linguistics study of language. Anthropological linguists do not necessarily speak
several languages. (such person is called a polyglot)
- Descriptive Linguistics is the study of the grammar, classification, and
arrangement of the features of a language at a given time, without reference to
the history of the language or comparison with other languages.
- Historical linguistics, also called Diachronic Linguistics, is the branch of
linguistics concerned with the study of phonological, grammatical, and semantic
changes, the reconstruction of earlier stages of languages, and the discovery
and application of the methods by which genetic relationships among languages
can be demonstrated.
Political science focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the
local, state, national. And international levels. Dedicated to developing understandings
of institutions, practices, and relations that constitute public life and modes of inquiry
that promote citizenship.
Aristotle - a Greek philosopher and scientist, the FATHER OF POLITICAL SCIENCE,
one of the greatest intellectual figures of Western History.
Sub-Branches of Political Science
1. Public Administration studies the role of the bureaucracy.
2. Public Law studies the constitutions, legal system, civil rights, and criminal justice.
3. Public Policy examines the passage and implementation of all types of government
policies, particularly those related to civil rights, defense, health, education, economic
growth, urban renewal, regional development, and environmental protection.
4. Domestic Politics is generally the most common field of study; its subfields include
public opinion, elections, national government, and state, local, or regional government.
5. Comparative Politics focuses on politics within countries ( often grouped into world
religions) and analyzes similarities and differences between countries.
6. International Relations consider the political relationships and interactions between
countries including the cause of war, the formation of foerign policy, international
political economy, and the structures that increase or decrease the policy options
available to governments.
7. Political Theory includes classical political philosophy and contemporary theoretical
perspectives (e.g., constructivism, critical theory, postmodernism).
TYPES OF MAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
ANARCHISM
-society being freely constituted without government.
-a name given to a principle theory of life and conduct under which society is conceived
with no govern-harmony in such a society being obtained not by the submission to law
or obedience to any authority but by free agreements concluded between various
groups, territorial and professional, forcely constitutes for the sake of the production of
consumption.
, SOCIALISM
-the social and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or
control of property and natural resources.
-russia (soviet union)
-everything that people produce is, in some sense, a social product, and everyone who
contributes to the production of a good is entitled to a share in it. Society as a whole,
therefore, should own or at least control property for the benefit of all its members.
COMMUNISM
-class less society.
-owned and controlled by the government.
-from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.
Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. Sociology’s
subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from the family to the state,
from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture,
and from social stability to radical change in whole societies. It is concerned with the
study of human social behavior and the influence of society upon this behavior.
Branches of Sociology
● Criminology studies the criminal behavior of individuals or groups.
● Historical Sociology the study of social facts and social groups. It studies the
background of any social event.
● Sociology of Religion studies the structure of the religion in the social system
as no society is free from the influence of it.
● Sociology of Economy studies production, distribution, consumption, and
exchange of goods and services.
RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIOLOGY TO OTHER SCIENCES
1. Sociology and Anthropology- the comparative study of the various aspects of the
past and present in the social science closest to sociology in its subject matter.
2. Sociology and Psychology- both studies how a human being behaves and acts
inside the society, the only difference is that psychology focuses on one individual, why
sociology studies society as a whole.
3. Sociology and Economics- the study of the choices people make to satisfy their
needs and wants. It is the factor that affects people’s choices and how they live with
various groups in society.
4. Sociology and Political Science- both deal with the interests including the voting
patterns, the concentration of political power, and the formation of politically-based
groups.
5. Sociology and History- both of the disciplines study past events to explain the
present situation in society.
ANTHROPOLOGY - the science or study of man.
Anthropology
-defined as the scientific study of human beings, human behavior, and the different
societies that have existed in the past and what we have now at present.
-the systematic study of humanity, with the main goal of understanding our human
origins, our uniqueness as a species, and the great diversity in our forms of social
existence across the world and through time.
RELATIONSHIP of ANTHROPOLOGY to other DISCIPLINES
1. Anthropology and Sociology share an interest in social relations, organization, and
behaviors.
2. Anthropology and Psychology studies about the different cultural and mental
processes of man. (Cognition, emotion. Motivation, and psychological processes).
3. Anthropology and Education research from anthropology extends from experts to
classrooms into homes, neighborhoods, and communities.
4. Anthropology and Business through micro enculturation (the gradual acquisition of
the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person, another culture, etc.)
FOUR MAJOR FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1.Biological Anthropology/ Physical Anthropology studies the HOMO SAPIENS as
biological beings both in the present and in the past to explain and describe the
evolution of our species.
- Paleoanthropology also spelled Palaeoanthropology, Also called Human
Paleontology, an interdisciplinary branch of anthropology concerned with the
origins and development of early humans.
- Primatology is the study of primate orders of mammals other than recent
humans (Homo sapiens).
2. Cultural Anthropology/ Social Anthropology study of the description and
comparison of the adaptation made by human groups to the diverse ecosystem on
earth.
- Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual
cultures. In contrast with ethnology, ethnography. Explores cultural phenomena
from the point of view of the subject of the study.
- Ethnology is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the
characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them.
3. Archaeology is a systematic study of remains of the previous culture as a means of
reconstructing the lifeways of the people who lived in the past.
Prehistoric Archeology
1. Artifacts- object made or altered by humans
2.Features- no portable evidence of technology (roads, buildings)
3.Eco facts- natural materials such as plants and animals.
,4. Linguistics study of language. Anthropological linguists do not necessarily speak
several languages. (such person is called a polyglot)
- Descriptive Linguistics is the study of the grammar, classification, and
arrangement of the features of a language at a given time, without reference to
the history of the language or comparison with other languages.
- Historical linguistics, also called Diachronic Linguistics, is the branch of
linguistics concerned with the study of phonological, grammatical, and semantic
changes, the reconstruction of earlier stages of languages, and the discovery
and application of the methods by which genetic relationships among languages
can be demonstrated.
Political science focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the
local, state, national. And international levels. Dedicated to developing understandings
of institutions, practices, and relations that constitute public life and modes of inquiry
that promote citizenship.
Aristotle - a Greek philosopher and scientist, the FATHER OF POLITICAL SCIENCE,
one of the greatest intellectual figures of Western History.
Sub-Branches of Political Science
1. Public Administration studies the role of the bureaucracy.
2. Public Law studies the constitutions, legal system, civil rights, and criminal justice.
3. Public Policy examines the passage and implementation of all types of government
policies, particularly those related to civil rights, defense, health, education, economic
growth, urban renewal, regional development, and environmental protection.
4. Domestic Politics is generally the most common field of study; its subfields include
public opinion, elections, national government, and state, local, or regional government.
5. Comparative Politics focuses on politics within countries ( often grouped into world
religions) and analyzes similarities and differences between countries.
6. International Relations consider the political relationships and interactions between
countries including the cause of war, the formation of foerign policy, international
political economy, and the structures that increase or decrease the policy options
available to governments.
7. Political Theory includes classical political philosophy and contemporary theoretical
perspectives (e.g., constructivism, critical theory, postmodernism).
TYPES OF MAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
ANARCHISM
-society being freely constituted without government.
-a name given to a principle theory of life and conduct under which society is conceived
with no govern-harmony in such a society being obtained not by the submission to law
or obedience to any authority but by free agreements concluded between various
groups, territorial and professional, forcely constitutes for the sake of the production of
consumption.
, SOCIALISM
-the social and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or
control of property and natural resources.
-russia (soviet union)
-everything that people produce is, in some sense, a social product, and everyone who
contributes to the production of a good is entitled to a share in it. Society as a whole,
therefore, should own or at least control property for the benefit of all its members.
COMMUNISM
-class less society.
-owned and controlled by the government.
-from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.
Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. Sociology’s
subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from the family to the state,
from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture,
and from social stability to radical change in whole societies. It is concerned with the
study of human social behavior and the influence of society upon this behavior.
Branches of Sociology
● Criminology studies the criminal behavior of individuals or groups.
● Historical Sociology the study of social facts and social groups. It studies the
background of any social event.
● Sociology of Religion studies the structure of the religion in the social system
as no society is free from the influence of it.
● Sociology of Economy studies production, distribution, consumption, and
exchange of goods and services.
RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIOLOGY TO OTHER SCIENCES
1. Sociology and Anthropology- the comparative study of the various aspects of the
past and present in the social science closest to sociology in its subject matter.
2. Sociology and Psychology- both studies how a human being behaves and acts
inside the society, the only difference is that psychology focuses on one individual, why
sociology studies society as a whole.
3. Sociology and Economics- the study of the choices people make to satisfy their
needs and wants. It is the factor that affects people’s choices and how they live with
various groups in society.
4. Sociology and Political Science- both deal with the interests including the voting
patterns, the concentration of political power, and the formation of politically-based
groups.
5. Sociology and History- both of the disciplines study past events to explain the
present situation in society.
