UPDATED IVY TECH APHY 101 midterm exam 2023//2024

The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is - ANSWER simple squamous epithelium Body heat is lost primarily by - ANSWER radiation Bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called - ANSWER central canals A body has been sectioned in such a way that there is one whole lung per section and the urinary bladder has been split in half. What type of section is this? - ANSWER sagittal Which type of tissue lines the follicles of the thyroid glands? - ANSWER simple cuboidal epithelium The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration take place in the - ANSWER cytoplasm Which action is the main function of the digestive system? - ANSWER absorption of nutrients A cell is surrounded by an extremely thin, flexible membrane. Why is the membrane selectively permeable? - ANSWER It allows some substances to pass through and excludes others based on size, polarity, and other factors. What type of tissue is adipose tissue? - ANSWER connective tissue The human integumentary system includes - ANSWER skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands DNA and RNA differ in that - ANSWER DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein. Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires - ANSWER negative feedback mechanism Transcription and translation differ in that - ANSWER transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein. Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a - ANSWER network of interconnected membranes The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the - ANSWER dermis Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of __________. - ANSWER atoms For which of the following organelles are the structure and function correctly described? - ANSWER Endoplasmic reticulum—a network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals that packages protein molecules for secretion Which of the following are cellular fragments? - ANSWER blood platelets Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________. - ANSWER remain within certain limited ranges An isotonic solution - ANSWER has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions is correct? - ANSWER Circulation—the movement of substances in body fluids Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types? - ANSWER organization of cells The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is - ANSWER iodine-131 The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many of the urinary passageways is - ANSWER transitional ATP is important to cellular processes because it - ANSWER provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken. In phagocytosis - ANSWER a cell membrane engulfs solid particles. Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because - ANSWER physiological functions depend on anatomical structures. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a - ANSWER superficial partial-thickness burn In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the - ANSWER surface area of the burn. Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n) - ANSWER tissue A complete atom is electrically neutral because - ANSWER the number of electrons equals the number of protons. Involuntary muscle tissues are - ANSWER smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue Bone cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function because - ANSWER each expresses a different subset of genes. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside, - ANSWER water will leave the cell by osmosis Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing - ANSWER skin cancer Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA, but not RNA? - ANSWER thymine The pH scale measures the - ANSWER concentration of hydrogen ions The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is - ANSWER excretion The breakdown of table sugar into glucose and fructose is an example of a(n) __________ reaction. - ANSWER hydrolysis Functions of neuroglia include which of the following? - ANSWER They support and bind nervous tissue and provide nutrients and growth factors to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels. - ANSWER growth of body parts Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in the body? - ANSWER water Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes? - ANSWER They are most active at temperatures above 53 degrees C.