NURS 6500 Peds Final Exam Study Set
Which of the following heart rates is abnormal for a 6-month infant?
A. 90bpm
B. 170bpm
C. 150bpm
D. 80bpm
B. (170bpm) is correct.
The reference range for infants is 80-150 bpm (per the growth and development table).
Which of the following assessment findings is concerning for a 9-month-old?
A. Cannot walk independently.
B. Cannot pull to stand.
C. Cannot ride a tricycle.
D. Cannot sit unsupported.
D. (Cannot sit unsupported) is correct.
-By 8 months, infants should be able to sit unsupported.
-Walk independently by 12-15 months
-Pulls to stand and cruises by 10 months
-Rides a tricycle by 36 months
Many congenital heart defects ultimately result in...
A. Heart Failure and Chronic Cyanosis
B. Myocardial Infarction and Stroke
C. Angina and Hypertension
D. Developmental Delays and Growth Retardation.
A. (Heart Failure and Chronic Cyanosis) is correct.
,- The other options listed are not incorrect (some CHDs can result in developmental delays and growth
retardation, for example). However, option A is the MOST correct.
Which of the following options describes the Foramen Ovale?
A. The opening at the base of the skull through which the brain stem extends.
B. An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.
C. An opening between the Left and Right Atria.
D. An opening in the septum between the two ventricles.
C. (an opening between the Atria) is correct.
-This opening should close when the infant takes their first breath, as the pressure increase in the LA
forces closure.
Which of the following options describes the Ductus Arteriosus?
A. The opening at the base of the skull through which the brain stem extends.
B. An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.
C. An opening between the Left and Right Atria.
D. An opening in the septum between the two ventricles.
B. (An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta) is correct.
-Like the Foramen Ovale, this opening should close when the infant takes their first breath and the
pressure in the pulmonary artery drops.
-Failure to close leads to Patent Ductus Arteriousus, which is a heart defect that leads to increases in
pulmonary pressure.
In Children, the apex of the heart is positioned differently and may be found beneath...
A. 5th intercostal space, left midaxillary line.
B. 4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.
C. 6th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.
,D. 3rd intercostal space, midsternal line.
B is correct (4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.)
When inspecting the appearance of an infant with a congenital heart defect, what might you expect to
see?
-Edema (often appears in the face first)
-Cyanosis
-Edema of the lower extremities (characteristic of RV Heart Failure in older children)
-Clubbing
-Cardiomegaly (AEB prominent chest wall)
-Fever (Endocarditis)
-Retractions + Nasal Flaring
-Dyspnea
-Engorged Neck Veins
What Diagnostic Procedure is the DEFINITIVE study for infants and children with cardiac disease?
-Cardiac Catheterization
The nurse is performing education regarding cardiac catheterization. Which of the following are potential
complications of cardiac catheterization? (SATA)
A. Retroperitoneal bleed.
B. Loss of pulse in extremity used for procedure.
C. Low-grade fever
D. Arrhythmia
A-D are all potential complications of cardiac catheterization.
, Which of the following post-op nursing interventions is CONTRAINDICATED after a femoral cardiac
catheterization?
A. Maintain extremity in straight position for 4-8 hours.
B. Resume oral intake as tolerated.
C. Evaluate vital signs and neurovascular status q15 for the first hour post-op.
D. Ambulate immediately post-procedure.
D. Ambulate immediately post-procedure is contraindicated.
-The child should remain on bedrest with leg straight for 4-8 hours post-op (the time varies based on
facility policy).
What are the two most common chromosomal defects associated with Congenital Heart Disease?
-Down's Syndrome (trisomy 21)
-Turner's Syndrome (XO)
Which of the following assessment findings in a child post-op from a cardiac catheterization should be
reported to the provider?
A. Right leg (used for catheterization) feels cool to the touch compared to the left leg.
B. A temperature of 100F
C. Child states 2/10 pain.
D. Slightly diminished pedal pulse in RLE compared to LLE
A. (RLE feels cool relative to LLE) is correct.
-Temperatures of 100.4F or higher should be reported.
-Slightly diminished pedal pulses in the catheterized extremity are an expected finding for a few hours
post-op. The pulse strength should gradually increase.
1. What is the reference range for respiratory rate in Infants?
Which of the following heart rates is abnormal for a 6-month infant?
A. 90bpm
B. 170bpm
C. 150bpm
D. 80bpm
B. (170bpm) is correct.
The reference range for infants is 80-150 bpm (per the growth and development table).
Which of the following assessment findings is concerning for a 9-month-old?
A. Cannot walk independently.
B. Cannot pull to stand.
C. Cannot ride a tricycle.
D. Cannot sit unsupported.
D. (Cannot sit unsupported) is correct.
-By 8 months, infants should be able to sit unsupported.
-Walk independently by 12-15 months
-Pulls to stand and cruises by 10 months
-Rides a tricycle by 36 months
Many congenital heart defects ultimately result in...
A. Heart Failure and Chronic Cyanosis
B. Myocardial Infarction and Stroke
C. Angina and Hypertension
D. Developmental Delays and Growth Retardation.
A. (Heart Failure and Chronic Cyanosis) is correct.
,- The other options listed are not incorrect (some CHDs can result in developmental delays and growth
retardation, for example). However, option A is the MOST correct.
Which of the following options describes the Foramen Ovale?
A. The opening at the base of the skull through which the brain stem extends.
B. An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.
C. An opening between the Left and Right Atria.
D. An opening in the septum between the two ventricles.
C. (an opening between the Atria) is correct.
-This opening should close when the infant takes their first breath, as the pressure increase in the LA
forces closure.
Which of the following options describes the Ductus Arteriosus?
A. The opening at the base of the skull through which the brain stem extends.
B. An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.
C. An opening between the Left and Right Atria.
D. An opening in the septum between the two ventricles.
B. (An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta) is correct.
-Like the Foramen Ovale, this opening should close when the infant takes their first breath and the
pressure in the pulmonary artery drops.
-Failure to close leads to Patent Ductus Arteriousus, which is a heart defect that leads to increases in
pulmonary pressure.
In Children, the apex of the heart is positioned differently and may be found beneath...
A. 5th intercostal space, left midaxillary line.
B. 4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.
C. 6th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.
,D. 3rd intercostal space, midsternal line.
B is correct (4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.)
When inspecting the appearance of an infant with a congenital heart defect, what might you expect to
see?
-Edema (often appears in the face first)
-Cyanosis
-Edema of the lower extremities (characteristic of RV Heart Failure in older children)
-Clubbing
-Cardiomegaly (AEB prominent chest wall)
-Fever (Endocarditis)
-Retractions + Nasal Flaring
-Dyspnea
-Engorged Neck Veins
What Diagnostic Procedure is the DEFINITIVE study for infants and children with cardiac disease?
-Cardiac Catheterization
The nurse is performing education regarding cardiac catheterization. Which of the following are potential
complications of cardiac catheterization? (SATA)
A. Retroperitoneal bleed.
B. Loss of pulse in extremity used for procedure.
C. Low-grade fever
D. Arrhythmia
A-D are all potential complications of cardiac catheterization.
, Which of the following post-op nursing interventions is CONTRAINDICATED after a femoral cardiac
catheterization?
A. Maintain extremity in straight position for 4-8 hours.
B. Resume oral intake as tolerated.
C. Evaluate vital signs and neurovascular status q15 for the first hour post-op.
D. Ambulate immediately post-procedure.
D. Ambulate immediately post-procedure is contraindicated.
-The child should remain on bedrest with leg straight for 4-8 hours post-op (the time varies based on
facility policy).
What are the two most common chromosomal defects associated with Congenital Heart Disease?
-Down's Syndrome (trisomy 21)
-Turner's Syndrome (XO)
Which of the following assessment findings in a child post-op from a cardiac catheterization should be
reported to the provider?
A. Right leg (used for catheterization) feels cool to the touch compared to the left leg.
B. A temperature of 100F
C. Child states 2/10 pain.
D. Slightly diminished pedal pulse in RLE compared to LLE
A. (RLE feels cool relative to LLE) is correct.
-Temperatures of 100.4F or higher should be reported.
-Slightly diminished pedal pulses in the catheterized extremity are an expected finding for a few hours
post-op. The pulse strength should gradually increase.
1. What is the reference range for respiratory rate in Infants?
