Unit5–Meeting Individual Careand Support Needs–Learning Aim CandD.
The strategies and communicationte chniques used with individuals different needs to over
comedifferent challenges faced by individuals with different care and support needs.
Communication,between service user sand service providers with in ahealth and social caresetting is vital
for there to be ago od connection and with clear communication, establishing trust becomes
impossible.AccordingtoCambridgedictionary,communicationisdefinedastheprocessbywhichmessagesorinfo
rmationissentfromoneplaceorpersontoanother,orthemessageitself[CITATIONCamna1\y\
l2057].Goodcommunicationskillsareessentialforaserviceprovidertohave.Withoutthem,onesjobwouldnotrun
smoothly,andserviceuserswouldbecomeagitatedandloseconfidenceintheirserviceprovider.Goodcommunica
tionallowsserviceproviderstodeveloppositiverelationshipswithnotonlytheserviceuserstheysupportbutalsoth
ecollegestheyworkalongsidewith.Communicationshouldbeinterpersonal,betweenpeoplepresentinthesame
place,oftenface-to-
face,howeverserviceprovidersmaysendemails,textsorhavephonecallswithbothserviceuserstheysupport,and
otherserviceprovidestheyworkwith.
Therearearangeofdifferenttechniquesonecoulduse,asaserviceprovider,togatherinformationandcommunicat
ewithserviceusers.Therearefivemaintechniquesused:humanistic,behavioural,cognitive,psychoanalytical,and
social.Mostserviceprovidersmustaskthemselveswhichtechniquewillworkforeachserviceusertheysupport.Eve
nthen,aserviceprovidermaychangetechniqueswiththesameserviceuserdependingonwhatquestiontheyarean
swering.Noonetechniquesisperfect,andallhavecertainweaknessestothem,whichisanotherreasonwhyservice
providerschangewhichonetheyuse.
TheHumanisticTechnique–Thistechniqueisaperson-centeredtechniqueaimedatbeingnon-
intrusive,allowingbothserviceproviderandserviceusertobeequalwithintheconversation.AccordingtoPsycholo
gy,humanisticpsychologyisaperspectivethatemphasizeslookingatthewholeperson,andtheuniquenessofeachi
ndividual.Humanisticpsychologybeginswiththeexistentialassumptionsthatpeoplehavefreewillandaremotivat
edtoachievetheirpotentialandself-actualize[CITATIONSimna\y\
l2057].Withinhealthandsocialcare,Humanistcommunicationusesapositivemanner,includingthoughts,actions
,andempathy,inordertoshowtheserviceuserrespect.Thispositiveapproachallowsserviceusersandprovidersto
buildtrust,makingthesupporttheserviceusersreceivesbetter.
IntheCasestudyofAishaH,ahumanistapproachtocommunicationwouldbeappropriateasitgiveAishaachoiceto
voicewhatshebelievesininrelationtoherhealthcare.However,asHumanistcommunicationreliesongoodandcl
earcommunicationskillsfrombothpartiessuggeststhatAishamaystrugglewiththistechniqueasshesufferswith
vasculardementia.InthecasestudyofBillyG,ahumanistapproachtocommunicationwouldallowBillytovoicehis
A+ Page 1
, opinioninasituationheknowsissafeandthatotherswilltreathimequally.However,asthehumanistapproachiskn
ownforbeingacommunicationtechniquethatishardtobenon-
judgemental,Billymaysensetheserviceprovidersthatheisworkingwithjudginghimduringtheirconvocationdue
toBillybeinghomelessandthedifferentwaysBillyhascopedwhileonthestreets.
TheBehaviouralTechnique–
Thisisatechniquethatcomenaturallytopeopleasitdoesn’trelysolelyoncommunicationskills,thereforeallowsallt
ounderstandtheconversation.AccordingtoPsychology,Behaviourism,alsoknownasbehaviouralpsychology,isat
heoryoflearningwhichstatesallbehavioursarelearnedthroughinteractionwiththeenvironmentthroughaproces
scalledconditioning.Thus,behaviourissimplyaresponsetoenvironmentalstimuli[CITATIONSimna\y\
l2057].Withinhealthandsocialcare,Behaviouralcommunicationisobjectivewhichthereforemeansserviceusersa
ndserviceproviderscanagreeaboutwhatishappeninginrelationtotheserviceuserscare.
A+ Page 2
, InthecasestudyofAishaH,abehaviouralapproachtocommunicationwouldbeappropriateasitallowsAishatocom
municatewithouthavingtohavethekeycommunicationskillswhichshehaslostduetohervasculardementia.How
ever,asbehaviouralcommunicationonlydealswithsymptoms,notcauses,Aishacommunicationwithserviceprov
iderswillbeshortterm,notallowinghertofindawaytoexpressheropiniononhercare.InthecasestudyofBillyG,abe
haviouralapproachtocommunicationwouldbeappropriateasitgiveBillytheabilitytocommunicatenaturallywith
outhavingtohaveananswerplan;thisiskeyforanycommunicationwithBillyasheismostlikelyusedtolyingabouthi
swellbeingduetolivingonthestreets.However,asbehaviouralcommunicationdoesnotallowserviceproviderstol
ookatwhatisgoingonwithinBilly’smind,butonlyseehisphysicalsymptoms,Billywouldnotreceivethecorrecttreat
ment.ThisisbecauseBillymostlikelyhasalotofmentaltraumafromlivingonthestreetsandfrombeingkickedoutoft
hehouseafteranargumentwithhismother’spartner,whichendedphysically.InordertosupportandhelpBilly,serv
iceprovidersneedtobeabletocommunicatewithBillyinawaythatallowsthemaccesstohismind.
TheCognitiveTechnique–
Thistechniqueisastructuredapproachofunderstandingandthenchangingthebehaviour,allowingserviceprovid
erstosupportserviceusersbyfindingtherootoftheproblemanddevelopingnewwaystochangethatproblem.Acc
ordingtoPsychology,Cognitivepsychologyisthescientificstudyofthemindasaninformationprocessor.Itconcern
sthewaywetakeininformationfromtheoutsideworld,howwemakesenseofthatinformation[CITATIONSimna\y\
l2057].Withinhealthandsocialcare,Cognitivecommunicationuseslogicalunderstandinginordertoallowbothser
viceusersandproviderstoknowwhatisbeingsaid.Thisthereforeleavestheabilityforserviceprovidertonothaveto
interpretanythingeachserviceusersays.Italsogivesserviceprovidersthetimetonoticeswhatserviceusersthinka
ndfeelwhilediscussingtheirhealthcareplan.
IntheCasestudyofAishaH,acognitiveapproachtocommunicationwouldnotbeappropriateasitreliesoneachservic
eusershavingarationalapproachinrelationtocommunication.AsAishasufferswithvasculardementia,sheisnotofr
ationalmindasshehasbeenhavingdelusions,wheresheappearstohearvoicesandcanbeheardspeakingtoherform
erfriendswhoshenolongerhascontactwithandtherefore,thistechniquewouldnotworkefficientlybetweenheran
dherserviceproviders.
InthecasestudyofBillyG,acognitiveapproachtocommunicationwouldbeappropriateasheisabletoexpresshistho
ughtsandunderstandingofwhathewantsfromhisserviceproviders.However,Billyfindsithardtoopenuptopeople
hedoesnottrust,therefore,inordertomakethistechniqueworksuccessfully,thecommunicationwouldhavetobeb
etweenBillyandsomeonehehasformabondwithwhileatthehospital.Billyislikelytohaveformedabondwithsomeo
neatthehospitalduetoBowlby’stheoryofattachment.Hesuggeststhattheimportanceofachildhavingsignificanta
dultwhotheyhaveformedaclosebondwithallowssuccessfuldevelopment.Themainwaytoformasecureattachme
ntisinasafeandstableupbringing,howeverasBillyisnowhomelessonecouldassumethathisupbringingwasnotthes
tableenvironmentneeded.Therefore,thatmeansonceBillyformsanattachmenttoanadultnowinhislife,heismore
A+ Page 3
, likelytodependonthatadultforpracticalandemotionalsupport.Thistheorysupportstheideaofallowinganadultse
rviceproviderwhoBillyhasgainedtrustwithtobethemainlineofcommunication,asBillyismorelikelytoagreewitht
hepracticalandemotionalsupportthatpersonsuggests.
ThePsychoanalyticalTechnique–
Thistechniqueallowsserviceuserstounderstandwhytheythinkastheydo,thereforeallowingtheserviceprovidert
ogainagreaterunderstandingofhowexactlytosupporttheirserviceuser.AccordingtoPsychology,Psychoanalysisi
sdefinedasasetofpsychologicaltheoriesandtherapeuticmethodswhichhavetheiroriginintheworkandtheoriesof
SigmundFreud.Theprimaryassumptionofpsychoanalysisisthebeliefthatallpeoplepossessunconsciousthoughts,
feelings,desires,
A+ Page 4
The strategies and communicationte chniques used with individuals different needs to over
comedifferent challenges faced by individuals with different care and support needs.
Communication,between service user sand service providers with in ahealth and social caresetting is vital
for there to be ago od connection and with clear communication, establishing trust becomes
impossible.AccordingtoCambridgedictionary,communicationisdefinedastheprocessbywhichmessagesorinfo
rmationissentfromoneplaceorpersontoanother,orthemessageitself[CITATIONCamna1\y\
l2057].Goodcommunicationskillsareessentialforaserviceprovidertohave.Withoutthem,onesjobwouldnotrun
smoothly,andserviceuserswouldbecomeagitatedandloseconfidenceintheirserviceprovider.Goodcommunica
tionallowsserviceproviderstodeveloppositiverelationshipswithnotonlytheserviceuserstheysupportbutalsoth
ecollegestheyworkalongsidewith.Communicationshouldbeinterpersonal,betweenpeoplepresentinthesame
place,oftenface-to-
face,howeverserviceprovidersmaysendemails,textsorhavephonecallswithbothserviceuserstheysupport,and
otherserviceprovidestheyworkwith.
Therearearangeofdifferenttechniquesonecoulduse,asaserviceprovider,togatherinformationandcommunicat
ewithserviceusers.Therearefivemaintechniquesused:humanistic,behavioural,cognitive,psychoanalytical,and
social.Mostserviceprovidersmustaskthemselveswhichtechniquewillworkforeachserviceusertheysupport.Eve
nthen,aserviceprovidermaychangetechniqueswiththesameserviceuserdependingonwhatquestiontheyarean
swering.Noonetechniquesisperfect,andallhavecertainweaknessestothem,whichisanotherreasonwhyservice
providerschangewhichonetheyuse.
TheHumanisticTechnique–Thistechniqueisaperson-centeredtechniqueaimedatbeingnon-
intrusive,allowingbothserviceproviderandserviceusertobeequalwithintheconversation.AccordingtoPsycholo
gy,humanisticpsychologyisaperspectivethatemphasizeslookingatthewholeperson,andtheuniquenessofeachi
ndividual.Humanisticpsychologybeginswiththeexistentialassumptionsthatpeoplehavefreewillandaremotivat
edtoachievetheirpotentialandself-actualize[CITATIONSimna\y\
l2057].Withinhealthandsocialcare,Humanistcommunicationusesapositivemanner,includingthoughts,actions
,andempathy,inordertoshowtheserviceuserrespect.Thispositiveapproachallowsserviceusersandprovidersto
buildtrust,makingthesupporttheserviceusersreceivesbetter.
IntheCasestudyofAishaH,ahumanistapproachtocommunicationwouldbeappropriateasitgiveAishaachoiceto
voicewhatshebelievesininrelationtoherhealthcare.However,asHumanistcommunicationreliesongoodandcl
earcommunicationskillsfrombothpartiessuggeststhatAishamaystrugglewiththistechniqueasshesufferswith
vasculardementia.InthecasestudyofBillyG,ahumanistapproachtocommunicationwouldallowBillytovoicehis
A+ Page 1
, opinioninasituationheknowsissafeandthatotherswilltreathimequally.However,asthehumanistapproachiskn
ownforbeingacommunicationtechniquethatishardtobenon-
judgemental,Billymaysensetheserviceprovidersthatheisworkingwithjudginghimduringtheirconvocationdue
toBillybeinghomelessandthedifferentwaysBillyhascopedwhileonthestreets.
TheBehaviouralTechnique–
Thisisatechniquethatcomenaturallytopeopleasitdoesn’trelysolelyoncommunicationskills,thereforeallowsallt
ounderstandtheconversation.AccordingtoPsychology,Behaviourism,alsoknownasbehaviouralpsychology,isat
heoryoflearningwhichstatesallbehavioursarelearnedthroughinteractionwiththeenvironmentthroughaproces
scalledconditioning.Thus,behaviourissimplyaresponsetoenvironmentalstimuli[CITATIONSimna\y\
l2057].Withinhealthandsocialcare,Behaviouralcommunicationisobjectivewhichthereforemeansserviceusersa
ndserviceproviderscanagreeaboutwhatishappeninginrelationtotheserviceuserscare.
A+ Page 2
, InthecasestudyofAishaH,abehaviouralapproachtocommunicationwouldbeappropriateasitallowsAishatocom
municatewithouthavingtohavethekeycommunicationskillswhichshehaslostduetohervasculardementia.How
ever,asbehaviouralcommunicationonlydealswithsymptoms,notcauses,Aishacommunicationwithserviceprov
iderswillbeshortterm,notallowinghertofindawaytoexpressheropiniononhercare.InthecasestudyofBillyG,abe
haviouralapproachtocommunicationwouldbeappropriateasitgiveBillytheabilitytocommunicatenaturallywith
outhavingtohaveananswerplan;thisiskeyforanycommunicationwithBillyasheismostlikelyusedtolyingabouthi
swellbeingduetolivingonthestreets.However,asbehaviouralcommunicationdoesnotallowserviceproviderstol
ookatwhatisgoingonwithinBilly’smind,butonlyseehisphysicalsymptoms,Billywouldnotreceivethecorrecttreat
ment.ThisisbecauseBillymostlikelyhasalotofmentaltraumafromlivingonthestreetsandfrombeingkickedoutoft
hehouseafteranargumentwithhismother’spartner,whichendedphysically.InordertosupportandhelpBilly,serv
iceprovidersneedtobeabletocommunicatewithBillyinawaythatallowsthemaccesstohismind.
TheCognitiveTechnique–
Thistechniqueisastructuredapproachofunderstandingandthenchangingthebehaviour,allowingserviceprovid
erstosupportserviceusersbyfindingtherootoftheproblemanddevelopingnewwaystochangethatproblem.Acc
ordingtoPsychology,Cognitivepsychologyisthescientificstudyofthemindasaninformationprocessor.Itconcern
sthewaywetakeininformationfromtheoutsideworld,howwemakesenseofthatinformation[CITATIONSimna\y\
l2057].Withinhealthandsocialcare,Cognitivecommunicationuseslogicalunderstandinginordertoallowbothser
viceusersandproviderstoknowwhatisbeingsaid.Thisthereforeleavestheabilityforserviceprovidertonothaveto
interpretanythingeachserviceusersays.Italsogivesserviceprovidersthetimetonoticeswhatserviceusersthinka
ndfeelwhilediscussingtheirhealthcareplan.
IntheCasestudyofAishaH,acognitiveapproachtocommunicationwouldnotbeappropriateasitreliesoneachservic
eusershavingarationalapproachinrelationtocommunication.AsAishasufferswithvasculardementia,sheisnotofr
ationalmindasshehasbeenhavingdelusions,wheresheappearstohearvoicesandcanbeheardspeakingtoherform
erfriendswhoshenolongerhascontactwithandtherefore,thistechniquewouldnotworkefficientlybetweenheran
dherserviceproviders.
InthecasestudyofBillyG,acognitiveapproachtocommunicationwouldbeappropriateasheisabletoexpresshistho
ughtsandunderstandingofwhathewantsfromhisserviceproviders.However,Billyfindsithardtoopenuptopeople
hedoesnottrust,therefore,inordertomakethistechniqueworksuccessfully,thecommunicationwouldhavetobeb
etweenBillyandsomeonehehasformabondwithwhileatthehospital.Billyislikelytohaveformedabondwithsomeo
neatthehospitalduetoBowlby’stheoryofattachment.Hesuggeststhattheimportanceofachildhavingsignificanta
dultwhotheyhaveformedaclosebondwithallowssuccessfuldevelopment.Themainwaytoformasecureattachme
ntisinasafeandstableupbringing,howeverasBillyisnowhomelessonecouldassumethathisupbringingwasnotthes
tableenvironmentneeded.Therefore,thatmeansonceBillyformsanattachmenttoanadultnowinhislife,heismore
A+ Page 3
, likelytodependonthatadultforpracticalandemotionalsupport.Thistheorysupportstheideaofallowinganadultse
rviceproviderwhoBillyhasgainedtrustwithtobethemainlineofcommunication,asBillyismorelikelytoagreewitht
hepracticalandemotionalsupportthatpersonsuggests.
ThePsychoanalyticalTechnique–
Thistechniqueallowsserviceuserstounderstandwhytheythinkastheydo,thereforeallowingtheserviceprovidert
ogainagreaterunderstandingofhowexactlytosupporttheirserviceuser.AccordingtoPsychology,Psychoanalysisi
sdefinedasasetofpsychologicaltheoriesandtherapeuticmethodswhichhavetheiroriginintheworkandtheoriesof
SigmundFreud.Theprimaryassumptionofpsychoanalysisisthebeliefthatallpeoplepossessunconsciousthoughts,
feelings,desires,
A+ Page 4
