US History (A) Final Exam Prep, Complete
Solution
Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt's government program of fair and equal treatment for all
Monopoly
Singular/complete control of a product or business by one person or group
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Challenged unfair/racist
laws.
JD Rockefeller
owner of the Standard Oil monopoly and trust
W.E.B. DuBois
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of
segregation and discrimination, become educated and demand their rights.
Muckrakers
Writers/journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and
expose it to the public. Demanded reform.
Sharecropping
A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers (usually African
Americans) are unable to get out of debt
Tenement
A run-down building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little
sanitation or safety
Sherman Antitrust Act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was
extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially
misused against labor unions
Booker T. Washington
Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once
blacks acquired economic security.
Susan B. Anthony
social reformer who campaigned for women's suffrage, the temperance movement, and
was an abolitionist. Helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association
American Federation of Labor
1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions;
skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor
Andrew Cargenie
Steel Tycoon/industrialist
"Push" factors
Immigrants facing economic woes, starvation, political or religious persecution, etc.
"Pull" factors
Promise of a better future and economic opportunity in America. Religious freedom and
job availability.
, Ellis Island
An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a
medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy. Europeans entered
through here.
Angel Island
The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese
gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1910 and 1940 50k
Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. Questioning and conditions at Angel
Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York.
Battle of Little Bighorn
Sioux victory over army troops led by George Custer
Populism/Populist Party
A new political movement focused on giving the common people (like farmers and
laborers) a solution to their problems and more say in their government
Gilded Age
1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics &
growing gap between the rich & poor
The Jungle
This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry.
The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked
exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory;
led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety
precautions for workers and worker compensation
Progressive Movement
an early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to
the people, better workplace conditions, better education, restore economic
opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life. Typically made up of middle
class urban participants.
Jose Marti
led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain from 1895 through the Spanish-
American War
Imperialism
a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries.
Social Darwinism
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies -
particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
Spheres of Influence
Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern
directly (ex. Europe in China)
Jingoism
extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy
used by the press
Western Front
Solution
Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt's government program of fair and equal treatment for all
Monopoly
Singular/complete control of a product or business by one person or group
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Challenged unfair/racist
laws.
JD Rockefeller
owner of the Standard Oil monopoly and trust
W.E.B. DuBois
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of
segregation and discrimination, become educated and demand their rights.
Muckrakers
Writers/journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and
expose it to the public. Demanded reform.
Sharecropping
A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers (usually African
Americans) are unable to get out of debt
Tenement
A run-down building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little
sanitation or safety
Sherman Antitrust Act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was
extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially
misused against labor unions
Booker T. Washington
Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once
blacks acquired economic security.
Susan B. Anthony
social reformer who campaigned for women's suffrage, the temperance movement, and
was an abolitionist. Helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association
American Federation of Labor
1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions;
skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor
Andrew Cargenie
Steel Tycoon/industrialist
"Push" factors
Immigrants facing economic woes, starvation, political or religious persecution, etc.
"Pull" factors
Promise of a better future and economic opportunity in America. Religious freedom and
job availability.
, Ellis Island
An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a
medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy. Europeans entered
through here.
Angel Island
The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese
gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1910 and 1940 50k
Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. Questioning and conditions at Angel
Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York.
Battle of Little Bighorn
Sioux victory over army troops led by George Custer
Populism/Populist Party
A new political movement focused on giving the common people (like farmers and
laborers) a solution to their problems and more say in their government
Gilded Age
1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics &
growing gap between the rich & poor
The Jungle
This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry.
The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked
exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory;
led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety
precautions for workers and worker compensation
Progressive Movement
an early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to
the people, better workplace conditions, better education, restore economic
opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life. Typically made up of middle
class urban participants.
Jose Marti
led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain from 1895 through the Spanish-
American War
Imperialism
a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries.
Social Darwinism
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies -
particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
Spheres of Influence
Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern
directly (ex. Europe in China)
Jingoism
extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy
used by the press
Western Front
