NR 328 Exam 2 Pediatric Questions and Answers

NR 328 Exam 2 Pediatric Questions and AnswersThe parent of a child hospitalized with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) asks the nurse why blood pressure readings are being taken so often. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse, drawing on knowledge of AGN? a. Acute hypertension must be anticipated and identified. b. Hypotension leading to sudden shock can develop at any time. c. Blood pressure fluctuations are a common side effect of antibiotic therapy. d. Blood pressure fluctuations are a sign that the condition has become chronic. Rationale: A. Vital signs, in particular the blood pressure, provide information about the severity of acute glomerular nephritis (AGN) and early signs of complications. Acute hypertension is anticipated and requires frequent monitoring for early intervention. Blood pressure does not commonly fluctuate with antibiotic therapy. Blood pressure fluctuations are not indicative of chronic disease. Most children with AGN fully recover. Hypertension, not hypotension, is more likely with AGN. Child complains of headache—evaluate BP immediately. 2. After reviewing the laboratory reports of a patient with acute glomerulonephritis, the nurse ensures that the patient is on a low-potassium diet. What is the reason for this intervention? a. The patient has oliguria. b. The patient has proteinuria. c. The patient has hypertension. d. The patient has chronic inflammation. Rationale: A. The patient with acute glomerulonephritis with oliguria will be at risk for hyperkalemia, an increase in serum potassium level. Therefore, the nurse ensures that the patient has low-potassium diet. The patient with acute glomerulonephritis may have proteinuria, but will be on a protein-restricted diet instead of a low-potassium diet. The patient with hypertension will be prescribed a sodium-restricted diet, because sodium increases blood pressure. The patient with chronic inflammation may be on a low-sugar and a fat-free diet. Remember the patient will also have elevated serum BUN, Creatine and uric acid levels—know these.