KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
CLASS: : I B.Sc. CS (AI&DS) & I B.Sc. CS (Cog Sys) COURSE CODE: 22ADU102, 22CGU101
BATCH-2022-2025
COURSE NAME: Problem Solving Techniques
Unit v - Arrays
UNIT-V Syllabus
Unit V – Arrays
Arrays: Arrays, One dimensional array, Various operation on Array (Inserting of Elements,
Deleting of Element, Rotating List, Sorting, Searching, Merging etc) and Two dimensional
arrays (Matrix Addition, Transpose of Matrix, Matrix Multiplication), Modular programming
and its features
Unit V
Arrays
Arrays
Arrays a kind of data structure that can store a fixed-size sequential collection of
elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more
useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.
Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you
declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ...,
numbers[99] to represent individual variables. A specific element in an array is accessed by
an index.
All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the
first element and the highest address to the last element.
Declaring Arrays
To declare an array in C, a programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of
elements required by an array as follows −
type arrayName [ arraySize ];
This is called a single-dimensional array. The arraySize must be an integer constant greater
than zero and type can be any valid C data type. For example, to declare a 10-element array
called balance of type double, use this statement −
double balance[10];
Here balance is a variable array which is sufficient to hold up to 10 double numbers.
Initializing Arrays
You can initialize an array in C either one by one or using a single statement as follows −
double balance[5] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0};
Prepared by :,S.Sumathi, Department of Computer Science, KAHE 1
, KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
CLASS: : I B.Sc. CS (AI&DS) & I B.Sc. CS (Cog Sys) COURSE CODE: 22ADU102, 22CGU101
BATCH-2022-2025
COURSE NAME: Problem Solving Techniques
Unit v - Arrays
The number of values between braces { } cannot be larger than the number of elements that
we declare for the array between square brackets [ ].
If you omit the size of the array, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is created.
Therefore, if you write −
double balance[] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0};
You will create exactly the same array as you did in the previous example. Following is an
example to assign a single element of the array −
balance[4] = 50.0;
The above statement assigns the 5th element in the array with a value of 50.0. All arrays have
0 as the index of their first element which is also called the base index and the last index of an
array will be total size of the array minus 1. Shown below is the pictorial representation of the
array we discussed above −
Accessing Array Elements
An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the index of the
element within square brackets after the name of the array. For example −
double salary = balance[9];
The above statement will take the 10 th element from the array and assign the value to salary
variable. The following example Shows how to use all the three above mentioned concepts
viz. declaration, assignment, and accessing arrays.
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
int n[ 10 ]; /* n is an array of 10 integers */
int i,j;
/* initialize elements of array n to 0 */
for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
n[ i ] = i + 100; /* set element at location i to i + 100 */
}
/* output each array element's value */
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++ ) {
printf("Element[%d] = %d\n", j, n[j] );
}
return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Element[0] = 100
Element[1] = 101
Prepared by :,S.Sumathi, Department of Computer Science, KAHE 2
, KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
CLASS: : I B.Sc. CS (AI&DS) & I B.Sc. CS (Cog Sys) COURSE CODE: 22ADU102, 22CGU101
BATCH-2022-2025
COURSE NAME: Problem Solving Techniques
Unit v - Arrays
Element[2] = 102
Element[3] = 103
Element[4] = 104
Element[5] = 105
Element[6] = 106
Element[7] = 107
Element[8] = 108
Element[9] = 109
Basic Operations
Following are the basic operations supported by an array.
Traverse − print all the array elements one by one.
Insertion − Adds an element at the given index.
Deletion − Deletes an element at the given index.
Search − Searches an element using the given index or by the value.
Update − Updates an element at the given index
Traverse Operation
This operation is to traverse through the elements of an array.
Example
Following program traverses and prints the elements of an array:
#include <stdio.h> main() {
int LA[] = {1,3,5,7,8};
int item = 10, k = 3, n = 5;
int i = 0, j = n;
printf("The original array elements are :\n");
for(i = 0; i<n; i++) {
printf("LA[%d] = %d \n", i, LA[i]);
}
}
When we compile and execute the above program, it produces the following result −
Output
The original array elements are :
LA[0] = 1
LA[1] = 3
LA[2] = 5
LA[3] = 7
LA[4] = 8
Prepared by :,S.Sumathi, Department of Computer Science, KAHE 3
CLASS: : I B.Sc. CS (AI&DS) & I B.Sc. CS (Cog Sys) COURSE CODE: 22ADU102, 22CGU101
BATCH-2022-2025
COURSE NAME: Problem Solving Techniques
Unit v - Arrays
UNIT-V Syllabus
Unit V – Arrays
Arrays: Arrays, One dimensional array, Various operation on Array (Inserting of Elements,
Deleting of Element, Rotating List, Sorting, Searching, Merging etc) and Two dimensional
arrays (Matrix Addition, Transpose of Matrix, Matrix Multiplication), Modular programming
and its features
Unit V
Arrays
Arrays
Arrays a kind of data structure that can store a fixed-size sequential collection of
elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more
useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.
Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you
declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ...,
numbers[99] to represent individual variables. A specific element in an array is accessed by
an index.
All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the
first element and the highest address to the last element.
Declaring Arrays
To declare an array in C, a programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of
elements required by an array as follows −
type arrayName [ arraySize ];
This is called a single-dimensional array. The arraySize must be an integer constant greater
than zero and type can be any valid C data type. For example, to declare a 10-element array
called balance of type double, use this statement −
double balance[10];
Here balance is a variable array which is sufficient to hold up to 10 double numbers.
Initializing Arrays
You can initialize an array in C either one by one or using a single statement as follows −
double balance[5] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0};
Prepared by :,S.Sumathi, Department of Computer Science, KAHE 1
, KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
CLASS: : I B.Sc. CS (AI&DS) & I B.Sc. CS (Cog Sys) COURSE CODE: 22ADU102, 22CGU101
BATCH-2022-2025
COURSE NAME: Problem Solving Techniques
Unit v - Arrays
The number of values between braces { } cannot be larger than the number of elements that
we declare for the array between square brackets [ ].
If you omit the size of the array, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is created.
Therefore, if you write −
double balance[] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0};
You will create exactly the same array as you did in the previous example. Following is an
example to assign a single element of the array −
balance[4] = 50.0;
The above statement assigns the 5th element in the array with a value of 50.0. All arrays have
0 as the index of their first element which is also called the base index and the last index of an
array will be total size of the array minus 1. Shown below is the pictorial representation of the
array we discussed above −
Accessing Array Elements
An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the index of the
element within square brackets after the name of the array. For example −
double salary = balance[9];
The above statement will take the 10 th element from the array and assign the value to salary
variable. The following example Shows how to use all the three above mentioned concepts
viz. declaration, assignment, and accessing arrays.
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
int n[ 10 ]; /* n is an array of 10 integers */
int i,j;
/* initialize elements of array n to 0 */
for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
n[ i ] = i + 100; /* set element at location i to i + 100 */
}
/* output each array element's value */
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++ ) {
printf("Element[%d] = %d\n", j, n[j] );
}
return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Element[0] = 100
Element[1] = 101
Prepared by :,S.Sumathi, Department of Computer Science, KAHE 2
, KARPAGAM ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
CLASS: : I B.Sc. CS (AI&DS) & I B.Sc. CS (Cog Sys) COURSE CODE: 22ADU102, 22CGU101
BATCH-2022-2025
COURSE NAME: Problem Solving Techniques
Unit v - Arrays
Element[2] = 102
Element[3] = 103
Element[4] = 104
Element[5] = 105
Element[6] = 106
Element[7] = 107
Element[8] = 108
Element[9] = 109
Basic Operations
Following are the basic operations supported by an array.
Traverse − print all the array elements one by one.
Insertion − Adds an element at the given index.
Deletion − Deletes an element at the given index.
Search − Searches an element using the given index or by the value.
Update − Updates an element at the given index
Traverse Operation
This operation is to traverse through the elements of an array.
Example
Following program traverses and prints the elements of an array:
#include <stdio.h> main() {
int LA[] = {1,3,5,7,8};
int item = 10, k = 3, n = 5;
int i = 0, j = n;
printf("The original array elements are :\n");
for(i = 0; i<n; i++) {
printf("LA[%d] = %d \n", i, LA[i]);
}
}
When we compile and execute the above program, it produces the following result −
Output
The original array elements are :
LA[0] = 1
LA[1] = 3
LA[2] = 5
LA[3] = 7
LA[4] = 8
Prepared by :,S.Sumathi, Department of Computer Science, KAHE 3
