Carbonyl Compounds
Nomenclature:
a. Common method or trivial method
b. IUPAC method
a. Common method or trivial method:
This method is used for a few compounds only. The names of the aldehydes are derived from the
corresponding carboxylic acid. The part “-oic acid” or “-ic acid” in the name of the acid is
replaced by “-aldehyde”.
Ex: Form (ic acid)--------Formaldehyde
Benz (oic acid)-------Benzaldehyde
The carbon atoms in the chain are indicated by Greek alphabets α, β, γ……or by numerical 1, 2,
3,……….
Ex:
Nomenclature of Ketones:
Ex: CH3-CO-C2H5-------Ethyl methyl ketone.
, α-chloromethyl β1–bromoethyl ketone
Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones:
1. By oxidation of alcohols:
Oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols gave aldehydes or ketones respectively.
Common oxidizing agents like KMnO4, K2Cr2O7 and CrO3 are strong oxidizing agents
oxidizes the aldehyde produced from the oxidation of a primary alcohol further to
carboxylic acid.
,
Nomenclature:
a. Common method or trivial method
b. IUPAC method
a. Common method or trivial method:
This method is used for a few compounds only. The names of the aldehydes are derived from the
corresponding carboxylic acid. The part “-oic acid” or “-ic acid” in the name of the acid is
replaced by “-aldehyde”.
Ex: Form (ic acid)--------Formaldehyde
Benz (oic acid)-------Benzaldehyde
The carbon atoms in the chain are indicated by Greek alphabets α, β, γ……or by numerical 1, 2,
3,……….
Ex:
Nomenclature of Ketones:
Ex: CH3-CO-C2H5-------Ethyl methyl ketone.
, α-chloromethyl β1–bromoethyl ketone
Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones:
1. By oxidation of alcohols:
Oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols gave aldehydes or ketones respectively.
Common oxidizing agents like KMnO4, K2Cr2O7 and CrO3 are strong oxidizing agents
oxidizes the aldehyde produced from the oxidation of a primary alcohol further to
carboxylic acid.
,
