DHN Exam 1 Latest Updated New Year 2024;Actual
Questions and Answers 100% Verified
In general, what are some factors that influence a person's food choices?
Income, education, occupation, ethnic identity, nutritional knowledge, current health
status, values, social interactions, personal preference⇒household structure,
composition, and traditions
What is the leading cause of death in the United States?
Heart disease
Which of the ten leading causes of death can be attributed, at least in part, to a
person's diet?
Heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, accidents (kind of)
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Which of these nutrients provide energy to the diet?
Fat, protein, carbohydrates
Which of the nutrients contain carbon? nitrogen?
Carbon⇒ carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins
Nitrogen⇒ proteins, some vitamins but not all
What percentage of the human body is water?
50-70%
Do males or females generally have a higher percentage of water? Why?
Males have higher percentage of water because they have less fat and more muscle
What percentage of most foods is water?
Over 50% of most foods is water
-tomatos (99%)
What is the definition of an essential nutrient?
the body cannot make it for itself or cannot make fast enough from other raw
materials to meet body's needs. Must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies.
What are examples of essential nutrients?
Fatty acids⇒ linoleic, linolenic
Certain amino acids
What is the definition of a calorie?
a unit of energy; kilocalorie (calorie) is the amount of heat energy necessary to raise
the temperate of a kilogram of water 1 degrees C
How many calories are provided per gram of carbohydrate, fat, protein, and
alcohol? Be able to use this information to look at a nutrition label and then
count how many calories a given food contains.
Carb 4 cal/gram
Fat 9 cal/gram
Protein 4 cal/gram
Alcohol 7 cal/gram
What are the dietary reference intakes used for?
, Set for healthy adults and children in the US used for planning and assessing diets;
DRI's are based on how much of a nutrient a person needs to consume for optimal
health and to prevent chronic disease
What are the four components to the DRI's? What is the definition of each of
these components?
1. Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
-the average amount of a nutrient needed by a certain age/gender group (set at 50
percentile)
2. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
-a person's nutrient intake goal; average daily amount of a nutrient considered
adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all individuals in an
age/gender group (set at 98 percentile) (scientific)
3. Adequate Intakes (AI)
-same concept as RDA but used when scientific data is insufficient to establish RDA
4. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
-upper limit for nutrients; intakes above are likely to cause illness from toxicity
RDA&AI set based on two primary factors: age, gender, if female pregnant?
How are AI's different than RDA's? Be able to determine a person's RDA or AI
given their gender and age (and a chart to look at! Don't memorize tables in
textbook).
AI's are used when scientific data is insufficient to establish RDA.
What are the five general principles of a healthy diet? Be familiar with the
concept behind each of these principles.
Adequacy- foods provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy
Balance- choices do not overemphasize one nutrient or food at the expense of
another
Calorie control- foods provide amount of energy you need to maintain ideal weight
Moderation- foods do not provide excess fat, salt, sugar, or unwanted constituents
Variety- foods differ from day to day
What is nutrient density? Given two foods and their nutritional value be able to
identify the more nutrient dense.
Nutrient density- measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food; calorie low,
nutrient value high
- 1 cup skim milk- 85 cal 300 mg of calcium
-1 cup ice cream- 350 cal 150 mg calcium
(skim milk has more nutrients per calorie)
What percentage of a person's total daily calories should come from fat,
carbohydrates, and protein. Be able to use these percentages to then calculate
how many grams of each of these nutrients should be eaten per day.
Fat <30%
Protein 15-20%
Carbohydrates 55-60%
When were the Dietary Guidelines revised?
2005
The guidelines changed in summer 2011 from "My Pyramid" to what? What
changed?
My plate
XXXXX
What are the general characteristics of the guidelines?
Questions and Answers 100% Verified
In general, what are some factors that influence a person's food choices?
Income, education, occupation, ethnic identity, nutritional knowledge, current health
status, values, social interactions, personal preference⇒household structure,
composition, and traditions
What is the leading cause of death in the United States?
Heart disease
Which of the ten leading causes of death can be attributed, at least in part, to a
person's diet?
Heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, accidents (kind of)
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Which of these nutrients provide energy to the diet?
Fat, protein, carbohydrates
Which of the nutrients contain carbon? nitrogen?
Carbon⇒ carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins
Nitrogen⇒ proteins, some vitamins but not all
What percentage of the human body is water?
50-70%
Do males or females generally have a higher percentage of water? Why?
Males have higher percentage of water because they have less fat and more muscle
What percentage of most foods is water?
Over 50% of most foods is water
-tomatos (99%)
What is the definition of an essential nutrient?
the body cannot make it for itself or cannot make fast enough from other raw
materials to meet body's needs. Must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies.
What are examples of essential nutrients?
Fatty acids⇒ linoleic, linolenic
Certain amino acids
What is the definition of a calorie?
a unit of energy; kilocalorie (calorie) is the amount of heat energy necessary to raise
the temperate of a kilogram of water 1 degrees C
How many calories are provided per gram of carbohydrate, fat, protein, and
alcohol? Be able to use this information to look at a nutrition label and then
count how many calories a given food contains.
Carb 4 cal/gram
Fat 9 cal/gram
Protein 4 cal/gram
Alcohol 7 cal/gram
What are the dietary reference intakes used for?
, Set for healthy adults and children in the US used for planning and assessing diets;
DRI's are based on how much of a nutrient a person needs to consume for optimal
health and to prevent chronic disease
What are the four components to the DRI's? What is the definition of each of
these components?
1. Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
-the average amount of a nutrient needed by a certain age/gender group (set at 50
percentile)
2. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
-a person's nutrient intake goal; average daily amount of a nutrient considered
adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all individuals in an
age/gender group (set at 98 percentile) (scientific)
3. Adequate Intakes (AI)
-same concept as RDA but used when scientific data is insufficient to establish RDA
4. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
-upper limit for nutrients; intakes above are likely to cause illness from toxicity
RDA&AI set based on two primary factors: age, gender, if female pregnant?
How are AI's different than RDA's? Be able to determine a person's RDA or AI
given their gender and age (and a chart to look at! Don't memorize tables in
textbook).
AI's are used when scientific data is insufficient to establish RDA.
What are the five general principles of a healthy diet? Be familiar with the
concept behind each of these principles.
Adequacy- foods provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy
Balance- choices do not overemphasize one nutrient or food at the expense of
another
Calorie control- foods provide amount of energy you need to maintain ideal weight
Moderation- foods do not provide excess fat, salt, sugar, or unwanted constituents
Variety- foods differ from day to day
What is nutrient density? Given two foods and their nutritional value be able to
identify the more nutrient dense.
Nutrient density- measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food; calorie low,
nutrient value high
- 1 cup skim milk- 85 cal 300 mg of calcium
-1 cup ice cream- 350 cal 150 mg calcium
(skim milk has more nutrients per calorie)
What percentage of a person's total daily calories should come from fat,
carbohydrates, and protein. Be able to use these percentages to then calculate
how many grams of each of these nutrients should be eaten per day.
Fat <30%
Protein 15-20%
Carbohydrates 55-60%
When were the Dietary Guidelines revised?
2005
The guidelines changed in summer 2011 from "My Pyramid" to what? What
changed?
My plate
XXXXX
What are the general characteristics of the guidelines?
