Summary Organizational Psychology Chapter 6

Organizational Psychology – Chapterr – ther aatrrer of Work ootivation

Work Motivtoo – ther psychological forcers that derterrminer ther direrction of a perrson´s
berhavior in an organizationn a perrson´s lerverl of erfortn and a perrson’s lerverl of perrsisterncer

Kery erlermernts:
 Direrction of berhavior
 Lerverl of erfort
 Lerverl of perrsisterncer

Direction iof Behaviiior
 Rerferrs to ther berhavior ermployerers chioiose to perrform from that many poterntial
berhaviors thery ciould perrform
 Employerers can ber motivaterd in functionavl ways (herlp an organization achierver its
goals) or dysfunctionavl wavys (hinderr organization achierving its goals)

Leiel iof Efiorr
 Rerferrs to how hard a perrson works to perrform a chosern berhavior

Leiel iof Persisrence
 Rerferrs to how hard a perrson kererps trying to perrform a chosern berhavior srccerssfrllyn
whern facerd with obstaclers

Distnction berween Miotiavtion avnd Perfiornavnce

Perfiornavnce is an ervalration of ther rersrlts of a perrson´s berhavior
 Inflrerncerd by factorsn srch as perrsonalityn abilityn difcrlty of ther taskn availability of
rersorrcersn working conditionsn chancer or lrck

Miotiavtion is only oner factor among many that contribrters to an ermployerer´s job
perrformancer
 High lerverl of motivation doers not always rersrlt in a high lerverl of perrformancer (high
perrformancer doers not nercerssarily imply high motivation)
 managerrs: ber carerfrl of miservalration

Inrrinsic avnd Exrrinsic Miotiavtion

Iotriosicvlly motivtte work bthviior – berhavior perrformerd for its own saker
 sorrcer of motivation comers from ther berhavior itserlf
 Work givers sernser of achiervermernt and accomplishmernt

Extriosicvlly motivtte work bthviior – berhavior perrformerd to acqrirer materrial or social
rerwards or to avoid prnishmernt
 berhavior is perrformerd for its conserqrerncers
 managerr nererds to maker a clerar connerction bertwerern berhavior ther organization wants and
ther ortcomers/rerwards ermployerers want

An ermployerer can ber intrinsicallyn erxtrinsically motivaterdn or both.

, Theiories iof Wiork Miotiavtion

Kery challernger of managerrs: how to erncorrager ermployerers to contribrter inprts to therir jobs
and to ther organization
Inprts  Perrformancer  Ortcomers

NEED THEORY
Focrsers on ther qrerstion: what ortcomers arer individrals motivaterd to obtain from therir jobs
and organizations
 Principler merssager: ermployerers haver nererds that thery arer motivaterd to satisfy in ther
workplacer
o oanagerrs mrst iderntify thoser nererds
o Whern nererds arer derterrminerdn managerr mrst maker srrer that her/sher can
control ther ortcomers satisfying thoser nererds (rerceriving ortcomers  derpernds
on dersirerd berhavior bering perrformerd)
o oanagerr mrst administerr ortcomers contingernt on that perrformancer
 Ntte thtory – a grorp of theroriers abort work motivation that focrsers on ermployerers
´ nererds as ther sorrcers of motivation
o Ntte – a rerqrirermernt for srrvival and werll-bering

Mavsliow´s Hieravrchy iof Needs
 Fiver rniverrsal nererdsn sorght to satisfy: physiological nererdsn saferty nererdsn
berlongingnerss nererdsn erstererm nererdsn and serlf-actralization nererds
o Arrangerd in hierrarchy of importancer: most basic nererds (physiologicaln saferty
nererds) at ther baser
o Oncer a nererd is satisferd  no longerr sorrcer of motivation
 Unsatisferd nererds  primer motivators of berhaviorn and nererds at ther lowerst lerverls of
ther hierrarchy taker prercerderncer overr nererds at higherr lerverls (not possibler to skip lerverls)
 Therory herlps managerrs to derterrminer what will motivater any givern ermployerer

Alderfer´s ERG Theiory
 Brilds on somer of oaslow´s thinkingn brt rerdrcers nrmberr of rniverrsal nererds (3) and
is morer flerxibler in terrms of movermernt bertwerern lerverls
o A higherr-lerverl nererd can ber a motivator ervern if lowerr-lerverl nererd is not frlly
satisferd
o aererds at morer than oner lerverl can ber motivators at any timer
o Whern an individral is motivaterd to satisfy a higherr-lerverl nererdn brt has
difcrlty in doing son ther perrson´s motivation to satisfy lowerr-lerverl nererds will
increraser

The Reseavrch Eiidence
 Theroriers arer aot srpporterd by rerserarch
o It may ber rnrerasonabler to erxperct a rerlativerly small sert of nererds orderrerd in a
particrlar fashion to apply to all hrman berings
o It may ber rnreralistic to erxperct that all peropler bercomer motivaterd by diferrernt
typers of nererds in a sert orderr