NUR 2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATES 2023
– Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
● S/S: 3 Ps (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria), ketones, fruity breath, Kussmaul’s
resp.
o Polydipsia: increased thirst as the cells are dehydrated and
thirsty as a result of not enough fluids
o Polyphagia: increased hunger as the cells are starved of
nutrients as a result of not getting insulin and glucose into the
cells.
o Polyuria: the patient has increased urination
o Ketones: present when the body needs to get energy from fat
as the glucose cells do not work. Causes the byproduct to be
increased and ketones to present in the urine.
o Acetone Fruity Breath: with DKA as a result of getting
increased amounts of acid out of the body
o Kussmaul's respirations: increased and deep ventilations hen
the diabetic patient tries to breathe off excess acid in the body
from increased hydrogen ions in metabolic acidosis.
● S/S of hypoglycemia vs. hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia - cold and clammy Hyperglycemia - hot and dry,
needs candy sugar high
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
, ● From a BG level less than ● From a BG level that is
70 above 110
● S/S: ● S/S:
○ Sweating o Dry mouth
○ Pallor o Flushed skin
○ Irritability o Polydipsia
○ Hunger o Polyuria
○ Lack of Coordination o Polyphagia
○ Fatigue o Weakness
○ Cold o Headache
● Emergency as if sugar is o Blurry Vision
not there the cells can die.
o Rule of 15: occurs for patients in hypoglycemia. If the patient
checks their BG level and it is less than 70, the nurse should
give the patient 15 g of a carb to eat or D50 if NPO and retest
the sugar in 15 mins. If rechecked, and BG level is still below
70, give the patient another 15 g of carbs or D50 and recheck
and call the provider. If still too low on the tired check, give
D50 and call the provider and often RRT.
● DKA Vs HHS
DKA - Diabetic Ketoacidosis HHS- Hyperosmolar
Hyperglycemic Nonketotic
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
, Syndrome
● Type 1 Diabetics ● Type 2 Diabetics
● From a failure to take ● From extreme
insulin or increase insulin hyperglycemia and
usage due to stress, hyperosmolarity
illness, confusion, or if ● If not treated, death can
they occur
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
, do not know they have ● At risk:
diabetes. ○ Older patients with
● S/S: polyuria, polyphagia, illness
polydipsia, ketones present ○ Inability to drink fluids
in the urine, dehydration, ● The urine volume will
tachycardia, orthostatic fall and glucose cannot
hypotension, abdominal be excreted.
cramping, nausea, ● Will cause CNS
vomiting, acetone fruity dysfunction and fluid
breath, Kussmaul intake impairment
respirations, and ● NO KETONES
hyperventilation, ● S/S: extreme
confusion. dehydration,
● Labs: orthostatic
○ BG: above 300 hypertension,
○ BUN/Creatinine: confusion, seizures,
above 30 and 1.5 coma, weakness or
○ Metabolic acidosis- paralysis,
low pH, normal or hyperreflexia,
compensated Co2, areflexia.
low HCO3 ● Labs:
○ Ketones present ○ BG: above 600
in the urine ○ NA level is normal or
○ Hyperosmolarity low
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
– Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
● S/S: 3 Ps (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria), ketones, fruity breath, Kussmaul’s
resp.
o Polydipsia: increased thirst as the cells are dehydrated and
thirsty as a result of not enough fluids
o Polyphagia: increased hunger as the cells are starved of
nutrients as a result of not getting insulin and glucose into the
cells.
o Polyuria: the patient has increased urination
o Ketones: present when the body needs to get energy from fat
as the glucose cells do not work. Causes the byproduct to be
increased and ketones to present in the urine.
o Acetone Fruity Breath: with DKA as a result of getting
increased amounts of acid out of the body
o Kussmaul's respirations: increased and deep ventilations hen
the diabetic patient tries to breathe off excess acid in the body
from increased hydrogen ions in metabolic acidosis.
● S/S of hypoglycemia vs. hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia - cold and clammy Hyperglycemia - hot and dry,
needs candy sugar high
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
, ● From a BG level less than ● From a BG level that is
70 above 110
● S/S: ● S/S:
○ Sweating o Dry mouth
○ Pallor o Flushed skin
○ Irritability o Polydipsia
○ Hunger o Polyuria
○ Lack of Coordination o Polyphagia
○ Fatigue o Weakness
○ Cold o Headache
● Emergency as if sugar is o Blurry Vision
not there the cells can die.
o Rule of 15: occurs for patients in hypoglycemia. If the patient
checks their BG level and it is less than 70, the nurse should
give the patient 15 g of a carb to eat or D50 if NPO and retest
the sugar in 15 mins. If rechecked, and BG level is still below
70, give the patient another 15 g of carbs or D50 and recheck
and call the provider. If still too low on the tired check, give
D50 and call the provider and often RRT.
● DKA Vs HHS
DKA - Diabetic Ketoacidosis HHS- Hyperosmolar
Hyperglycemic Nonketotic
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
, Syndrome
● Type 1 Diabetics ● Type 2 Diabetics
● From a failure to take ● From extreme
insulin or increase insulin hyperglycemia and
usage due to stress, hyperosmolarity
illness, confusion, or if ● If not treated, death can
they occur
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
, do not know they have ● At risk:
diabetes. ○ Older patients with
● S/S: polyuria, polyphagia, illness
polydipsia, ketones present ○ Inability to drink fluids
in the urine, dehydration, ● The urine volume will
tachycardia, orthostatic fall and glucose cannot
hypotension, abdominal be excreted.
cramping, nausea, ● Will cause CNS
vomiting, acetone fruity dysfunction and fluid
breath, Kussmaul intake impairment
respirations, and ● NO KETONES
hyperventilation, ● S/S: extreme
confusion. dehydration,
● Labs: orthostatic
○ BG: above 300 hypertension,
○ BUN/Creatinine: confusion, seizures,
above 30 and 1.5 coma, weakness or
○ Metabolic acidosis- paralysis,
low pH, normal or hyperreflexia,
compensated Co2, areflexia.
low HCO3 ● Labs:
○ Ketones present ○ BG: above 600
in the urine ○ NA level is normal or
○ Hyperosmolarity low
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
