PCE CERTIFIED BREASTFEEDING COUNSELOR
EXAM Q&A
Where does breast tissue normally develop? - answer-Along the breast line
- located from under the arms down to the groin
What are the 3 stages of early breast development? - answer-1. In utero
2. First 2 months of life
3. Puberty
Breast development during menstruation - answer-- Estrogen: Induces Ductal
System development
- Progesterone: Induces Lobular-Alveolar development
What is Lactogenesis? - answer-The initiation of milk production
How many stages of Lactogensis are there? - answer-4
What stages of Lactogenesis occur during pregnancy? - answer-1 and 2
Lactogenesis 1 - answer-Ductal and Lobular-Alveolar systems grow at an
accelerated rate (influenced by hormones)
- breasts enlarge
- high progesterone levels cause an increase in alveoli
- colostrum begins to produce in the alveoli
When does Lactogenesis 1 occur? - answer-around 16 weeks
Lactogenesis 2 - answer-The placenta is released from the uterus and progesterone
levels drop
- this causes the alveolar cells to begin to release milk and allows them to continue
to produce more milk
How long does Lactogenesis 2 last? - answer-2-4 days
What are the 5 main areas of the breast? - answer-- Upper Inner
- Lower Inner
- Upper Outer
- Lower Outer
- Tail of Spence
What are the 2 types of breast tissue and what are they composed of? - answer--
Parenchyma: ductal and lobular-alveolar structures
- Strom: connective tissue (fat, vascular, nerve, lymphatic)
What is an Alveolus - answer-Small cavity where milk is produced and stored
- made of epithelial cells
, What are Alveoli? - answer-multiple alveolus
What is the Intra-lobular duct? - answer-Connects a lobule to the lactiferous ducts
What is a Mammary Lobule? - answer-10-100 alveoli combined together
What are Lactiferous Ducts? - answer-connects mammary lobules/intra-lobular ducts
to the nipple
Breast Anatomy - answer-
What surrounds the breast tissue? - answer-Fat
Nerves
Lymph Tissue
Vascular Network
Myoepithelial Cells
What is the purpose of the Myoepithelial cells? - answer-They surround the alveolus
and contract (like a muscle)
- pushes milk out into the ducts
What is the purpose of the Vascular Network surrounding breast tissue? - answer--
supplies nutrients, materials, hormones to each alveolus for milk production
- supplies hormones to the myoepithelial cells for ejection of milk
What is the purpose of fat surrounding breast tissue? - answer-protection
support
provides space for growth
What purpose do nerves serve in the breasts? - answer-Intercostal nerves 3, 4 and 5
deal with breast tissue
- innervation to the nipple tells the brain to produce oxytocin when breast feeding
- emptying of the alveolus tells the breast to make more milk
What are Montgomery's Tubercles? - answer-Glands that secrete an antibacterial-
like substance that protects the nipples and areola.
- found on the nipple and areola
- enlarge during pregnancy
Lactogenesis 3 - answer-also known as galactopoiesis
- the resupply of mature milk that occurs when milk is removed from the breast
When does Lactogenesis occur? - answer-day 10-14 postpartum
- when mature milk is established
- lasts until mom is ready to wean from breastfeeding
Lactogenesis 4 - answer-involution
- milk production is decreased by apoptosis of the milk making epithelial cells
EXAM Q&A
Where does breast tissue normally develop? - answer-Along the breast line
- located from under the arms down to the groin
What are the 3 stages of early breast development? - answer-1. In utero
2. First 2 months of life
3. Puberty
Breast development during menstruation - answer-- Estrogen: Induces Ductal
System development
- Progesterone: Induces Lobular-Alveolar development
What is Lactogenesis? - answer-The initiation of milk production
How many stages of Lactogensis are there? - answer-4
What stages of Lactogenesis occur during pregnancy? - answer-1 and 2
Lactogenesis 1 - answer-Ductal and Lobular-Alveolar systems grow at an
accelerated rate (influenced by hormones)
- breasts enlarge
- high progesterone levels cause an increase in alveoli
- colostrum begins to produce in the alveoli
When does Lactogenesis 1 occur? - answer-around 16 weeks
Lactogenesis 2 - answer-The placenta is released from the uterus and progesterone
levels drop
- this causes the alveolar cells to begin to release milk and allows them to continue
to produce more milk
How long does Lactogenesis 2 last? - answer-2-4 days
What are the 5 main areas of the breast? - answer-- Upper Inner
- Lower Inner
- Upper Outer
- Lower Outer
- Tail of Spence
What are the 2 types of breast tissue and what are they composed of? - answer--
Parenchyma: ductal and lobular-alveolar structures
- Strom: connective tissue (fat, vascular, nerve, lymphatic)
What is an Alveolus - answer-Small cavity where milk is produced and stored
- made of epithelial cells
, What are Alveoli? - answer-multiple alveolus
What is the Intra-lobular duct? - answer-Connects a lobule to the lactiferous ducts
What is a Mammary Lobule? - answer-10-100 alveoli combined together
What are Lactiferous Ducts? - answer-connects mammary lobules/intra-lobular ducts
to the nipple
Breast Anatomy - answer-
What surrounds the breast tissue? - answer-Fat
Nerves
Lymph Tissue
Vascular Network
Myoepithelial Cells
What is the purpose of the Myoepithelial cells? - answer-They surround the alveolus
and contract (like a muscle)
- pushes milk out into the ducts
What is the purpose of the Vascular Network surrounding breast tissue? - answer--
supplies nutrients, materials, hormones to each alveolus for milk production
- supplies hormones to the myoepithelial cells for ejection of milk
What is the purpose of fat surrounding breast tissue? - answer-protection
support
provides space for growth
What purpose do nerves serve in the breasts? - answer-Intercostal nerves 3, 4 and 5
deal with breast tissue
- innervation to the nipple tells the brain to produce oxytocin when breast feeding
- emptying of the alveolus tells the breast to make more milk
What are Montgomery's Tubercles? - answer-Glands that secrete an antibacterial-
like substance that protects the nipples and areola.
- found on the nipple and areola
- enlarge during pregnancy
Lactogenesis 3 - answer-also known as galactopoiesis
- the resupply of mature milk that occurs when milk is removed from the breast
When does Lactogenesis occur? - answer-day 10-14 postpartum
- when mature milk is established
- lasts until mom is ready to wean from breastfeeding
Lactogenesis 4 - answer-involution
- milk production is decreased by apoptosis of the milk making epithelial cells
