ANTHROPOLOGICAL SELF
Anthropos - Human Beings
Logos - Study/Science
Anthropology:
- Study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in
relation to physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture.
- Unique discipline as it employs a holistic, or multifaceted approach to the
study of human beings.
- Delves into Biology, Sociology, Psychology and History
MAIN FACETS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Biological/ Physical Anthropology
> Human Paleontology
- Emergence of human and their evolution
- Assumes man evolved through time
- Prove human evolution through fossils
> Human Variation
- How and why human populations differ in biological or physical traits.
Darwin And The Human Evolution
- Jean Lamarck hypothesized about our relations to apes before Darwin
- Charles Darwin published ‘Descent of Man’ based on his voyage in Galapagos
Island
- Survival of the Fittest
- ‘The strong will live and the weak shall die’
- Man came from lower forms
- Man’s current status is the fruit of his drive for survival
, BAND
- Band: small community bound by blood ties
- Not centralized egalitarian [low inequality]
- Decisions are made collectively
- Unity is based on customs and traditions
- Hunter and gatherer societies
TRIBE
- Tribe: group of bands united for a common purpose
- Humans form bigger groups for survival
- Egalitarian - power is dispersed throughout the tribe
- Leaders are first among equals - they don't have the means to compel
tribesmen to obey [Primus inter pares]
- Custom tradition, ritual, religious belief are the main tools to maintain social
order
- Agricultural societies
CHIEFDOM
- Chiefdom: a transitional form on the way from tribe to state
- Larger society with more developed division of labor, higher productivity
- Surplus product to use beyond mere subsistence.
- Private property appears
- Inequality grows - people are more divided by class
- Power emerges as something separate from society
- Authority is formalized in the office of the chief
- The chief has means to compel members of society [military force]
- Agricultural societies
- Increasingly rely on slave labor [slavery]
Anthropos - Human Beings
Logos - Study/Science
Anthropology:
- Study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in
relation to physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture.
- Unique discipline as it employs a holistic, or multifaceted approach to the
study of human beings.
- Delves into Biology, Sociology, Psychology and History
MAIN FACETS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Biological/ Physical Anthropology
> Human Paleontology
- Emergence of human and their evolution
- Assumes man evolved through time
- Prove human evolution through fossils
> Human Variation
- How and why human populations differ in biological or physical traits.
Darwin And The Human Evolution
- Jean Lamarck hypothesized about our relations to apes before Darwin
- Charles Darwin published ‘Descent of Man’ based on his voyage in Galapagos
Island
- Survival of the Fittest
- ‘The strong will live and the weak shall die’
- Man came from lower forms
- Man’s current status is the fruit of his drive for survival
, BAND
- Band: small community bound by blood ties
- Not centralized egalitarian [low inequality]
- Decisions are made collectively
- Unity is based on customs and traditions
- Hunter and gatherer societies
TRIBE
- Tribe: group of bands united for a common purpose
- Humans form bigger groups for survival
- Egalitarian - power is dispersed throughout the tribe
- Leaders are first among equals - they don't have the means to compel
tribesmen to obey [Primus inter pares]
- Custom tradition, ritual, religious belief are the main tools to maintain social
order
- Agricultural societies
CHIEFDOM
- Chiefdom: a transitional form on the way from tribe to state
- Larger society with more developed division of labor, higher productivity
- Surplus product to use beyond mere subsistence.
- Private property appears
- Inequality grows - people are more divided by class
- Power emerges as something separate from society
- Authority is formalized in the office of the chief
- The chief has means to compel members of society [military force]
- Agricultural societies
- Increasingly rely on slave labor [slavery]
