NUR 2459 Rasmussen Mental Health
Exam 1 Modules 1-3 2023-2024 latest
update
what are some psychiatric historical events that have occurred in the early psychiatric
era?Answer- 18th century- state asylums created, 600,000 residents were in them, 1st
school or psychiatric nursing was created in 1882, deinstitutionalization, shift in role of
the nurse from custodial care to professional care.
explain what early use of phenothiazine was for in early psych nursing.Answer- it was
discovered to help control psychotic behaviors and improve/ clear thinking.
what were the two nursing interventions associated with somatic therapy in early psych
nursing?Answer- insulin therapy
ECT therapy
explain significance of insulin therapy in the early psych era.Answer- insulin was
administered until the client was comatose, this could kill the patient because the blood
sugar could drop below normal levels, but it helped relive psych symptoms.
explain significance of early ECT therapy.Answer- an electrical stimulus was given to
the brain with the result of a grand-map seizure. now we can control the shock given
and give medications to sedate the client and stimulate the seizure and for proper
monitoring throughout the procedure.
explain what deinstitutionalization is.Answer- there was a massive discharge of
psychiatric patients from mental hospitals back to their original communities.
what is significant about the impact of deinstitutionalization?Answer- many of the psych
patients who needed services were forced onto the streets, potentially leading them to
more harm and crime.
3 main reasons deinstitutionalization was initiated.Answer- the belief that treatment in
the hospitals was inhumane
hope that medications would offer a cure
lack of funding at the state and federal level
what is the order of maslows hierarchy of needs bottom to top?Answer- physiological
needs-safety need- love and belong needs- self esteem- self actualization
,what is important to know about maslows hierarchy of needs?Answer- motivation is
continuous quest for self actualization, can reverse levels based on life circumstances,
lower level needs must be met first before advancement to higher level psychological
needs.
examples of psychotherapyAnswer- behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, didactical
behavior therapy
based on a verbal therapist to client interaction
examples of open environment therapiesAnswer- family, group and milieu therapy
examples of Brian stimulation techniquesAnswer- ECT, trans-cranial magnetic
stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation
explain what behavioral therapy is.Answer- aims to modify maladaptive behavior
patterns.
based that a behavior is learned and has consequences and abnormal behavior results
from an attempt to avoid painful feelings and reduce anxiety.
what is the nurses role with behavioral therapy?Answer- Role of the nurse: to use the
nursing process to assist the client with behavior modification. This can be through 1 on
1 groups, different ways like classical and operant conditioning
explain what cognitive therapy is.Answer- focuses on individual client thoughts and
behaviors to solve current problems.
Based on changing the way one thinks.
what is the role of the nurse with cognitive therapy?Answer- the nurse will plan
psychoeducation, use of the therapeutic relationship and counseling interventions. They
also reevaluate to determine if intervention was successful with the therapy.
explain what cognitive behavioral therapy is (CBT)Answer- uses both cognitive and
behavioral approaches to assist a client with anxiety management.
explain what family therapy isAnswer- therapy based on family dynamics and improving
family functioning by learning the ways for dealing with mental illness in the family,
improving understanding among family members, maximizing positive interaction with
family members.
explain what milieu therapy isAnswer- creates an environment that is supportive and
therapeutic and safe to benefit clients and promote coping within a safe place.
explain what group therapy isAnswer- therapy focused on helping individuals develop
more functional and satisfying reactions within a group setting with common feelings,
experiences and thoughts that lead to positive behavior changes from interaction and
feedback.
, explain what ECT is used todayAnswer- the induction of a grand-mal seizure through
the application of electrical currents to the brain during anesthesia.
Electrodes are placed bilaterally and an appropriate dose of electrical current is sent
through the brain to enhance the effects of certain neurotransmitters.
what types of disorders can ECT help with?Answer- Used as a last resort in depression,
mania, schizophrenia, and psychosis when medication and treatment has failed.
side effects from ECTAnswer- confusion and memory loss, headache
what is the role of the nurse during ECT?Answer- often during the pre-op and post-op
phases. Complete assessment should be completed before the client goes back to the
procedure, including medication reconciliation and a signed consent form. places the IV,
gives pre procedure medications, takes vitals before and after procedure. after
procedure : placing the patient on the side, orient the client, describe what happened,
allow the patient to have therapeutic communication based on their feelings, assisting
them as needed until fully awake.
what will actually happen during the ECT procedure?Answer- When in the treatment
room, the nurse will help position the patient while the CRNA gives the patient a short
acting anesthetic and medication to induce the seizure.a bp cuff, pulse ox and oxygen
may be given as needed and a bite block and electrodes to monitor EKG.once asleep,
the provider will decide how much electricity the client will get and will shock the client
and monitor for any changes, the CRNA will wake the patient up when finished, all
people in the room will monitor for adverse reactions.
medications that may be given during ECTAnswer- atropine sulfate, succinylcholine,
sedative medication and medication to help client relax.
what is trans-cranial magnetic stimulation?Answer- a noninvasive therapy that uses
magnetic pulsations to stimulate the cerebral cortex of the brain for those with
depression who have not been responsive to medications.
What is vagus nerve stimulation?Answer- provides electrical stimulation through the
vagus nerve of the brain through a surgically implanted device to increase
neurotransmitter levels to treat depression resistant to other methods of treatment and
medication.
which system is responsible for how the body changes with stress?Answer- fight or
flight system- everyone will react differently
explain what stress is.Answer- maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or
external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors that are
incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individual, social,
occupational and physical functioning.
Exam 1 Modules 1-3 2023-2024 latest
update
what are some psychiatric historical events that have occurred in the early psychiatric
era?Answer- 18th century- state asylums created, 600,000 residents were in them, 1st
school or psychiatric nursing was created in 1882, deinstitutionalization, shift in role of
the nurse from custodial care to professional care.
explain what early use of phenothiazine was for in early psych nursing.Answer- it was
discovered to help control psychotic behaviors and improve/ clear thinking.
what were the two nursing interventions associated with somatic therapy in early psych
nursing?Answer- insulin therapy
ECT therapy
explain significance of insulin therapy in the early psych era.Answer- insulin was
administered until the client was comatose, this could kill the patient because the blood
sugar could drop below normal levels, but it helped relive psych symptoms.
explain significance of early ECT therapy.Answer- an electrical stimulus was given to
the brain with the result of a grand-map seizure. now we can control the shock given
and give medications to sedate the client and stimulate the seizure and for proper
monitoring throughout the procedure.
explain what deinstitutionalization is.Answer- there was a massive discharge of
psychiatric patients from mental hospitals back to their original communities.
what is significant about the impact of deinstitutionalization?Answer- many of the psych
patients who needed services were forced onto the streets, potentially leading them to
more harm and crime.
3 main reasons deinstitutionalization was initiated.Answer- the belief that treatment in
the hospitals was inhumane
hope that medications would offer a cure
lack of funding at the state and federal level
what is the order of maslows hierarchy of needs bottom to top?Answer- physiological
needs-safety need- love and belong needs- self esteem- self actualization
,what is important to know about maslows hierarchy of needs?Answer- motivation is
continuous quest for self actualization, can reverse levels based on life circumstances,
lower level needs must be met first before advancement to higher level psychological
needs.
examples of psychotherapyAnswer- behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, didactical
behavior therapy
based on a verbal therapist to client interaction
examples of open environment therapiesAnswer- family, group and milieu therapy
examples of Brian stimulation techniquesAnswer- ECT, trans-cranial magnetic
stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation
explain what behavioral therapy is.Answer- aims to modify maladaptive behavior
patterns.
based that a behavior is learned and has consequences and abnormal behavior results
from an attempt to avoid painful feelings and reduce anxiety.
what is the nurses role with behavioral therapy?Answer- Role of the nurse: to use the
nursing process to assist the client with behavior modification. This can be through 1 on
1 groups, different ways like classical and operant conditioning
explain what cognitive therapy is.Answer- focuses on individual client thoughts and
behaviors to solve current problems.
Based on changing the way one thinks.
what is the role of the nurse with cognitive therapy?Answer- the nurse will plan
psychoeducation, use of the therapeutic relationship and counseling interventions. They
also reevaluate to determine if intervention was successful with the therapy.
explain what cognitive behavioral therapy is (CBT)Answer- uses both cognitive and
behavioral approaches to assist a client with anxiety management.
explain what family therapy isAnswer- therapy based on family dynamics and improving
family functioning by learning the ways for dealing with mental illness in the family,
improving understanding among family members, maximizing positive interaction with
family members.
explain what milieu therapy isAnswer- creates an environment that is supportive and
therapeutic and safe to benefit clients and promote coping within a safe place.
explain what group therapy isAnswer- therapy focused on helping individuals develop
more functional and satisfying reactions within a group setting with common feelings,
experiences and thoughts that lead to positive behavior changes from interaction and
feedback.
, explain what ECT is used todayAnswer- the induction of a grand-mal seizure through
the application of electrical currents to the brain during anesthesia.
Electrodes are placed bilaterally and an appropriate dose of electrical current is sent
through the brain to enhance the effects of certain neurotransmitters.
what types of disorders can ECT help with?Answer- Used as a last resort in depression,
mania, schizophrenia, and psychosis when medication and treatment has failed.
side effects from ECTAnswer- confusion and memory loss, headache
what is the role of the nurse during ECT?Answer- often during the pre-op and post-op
phases. Complete assessment should be completed before the client goes back to the
procedure, including medication reconciliation and a signed consent form. places the IV,
gives pre procedure medications, takes vitals before and after procedure. after
procedure : placing the patient on the side, orient the client, describe what happened,
allow the patient to have therapeutic communication based on their feelings, assisting
them as needed until fully awake.
what will actually happen during the ECT procedure?Answer- When in the treatment
room, the nurse will help position the patient while the CRNA gives the patient a short
acting anesthetic and medication to induce the seizure.a bp cuff, pulse ox and oxygen
may be given as needed and a bite block and electrodes to monitor EKG.once asleep,
the provider will decide how much electricity the client will get and will shock the client
and monitor for any changes, the CRNA will wake the patient up when finished, all
people in the room will monitor for adverse reactions.
medications that may be given during ECTAnswer- atropine sulfate, succinylcholine,
sedative medication and medication to help client relax.
what is trans-cranial magnetic stimulation?Answer- a noninvasive therapy that uses
magnetic pulsations to stimulate the cerebral cortex of the brain for those with
depression who have not been responsive to medications.
What is vagus nerve stimulation?Answer- provides electrical stimulation through the
vagus nerve of the brain through a surgically implanted device to increase
neurotransmitter levels to treat depression resistant to other methods of treatment and
medication.
which system is responsible for how the body changes with stress?Answer- fight or
flight system- everyone will react differently
explain what stress is.Answer- maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or
external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors that are
incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individual, social,
occupational and physical functioning.
