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NUR 265 EXAM ONE STUDY GUIDE, COMPLETE SOLUTION

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NUR 265 EXAM ONE STUDY GUIDE, COMPLETE SOLUTION • Nephrotic Syndrome: o NS is a condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted. o Immunological Kidney disorder o This causes massive loss of protein in the urine, edema formation, and decreased plasma albumin levels. ▪ Proteinuria- severe protein loss more than 3.5 g in 24- hour urine sample. o Key features: ▪ Massive proteinuria 3.5g / 24hrs ▪ Hypoalbuminemia 3g/dL ▪ Edema (facial and periorbital) ▪ Lipiduria ▪ Hyperlipidemia ▪ Increased coagulation (renal vein thrombosis) ▪ Reduced kidney function (↑ BUN, ↑ Cr, ↓ GFR) o Treatment- immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based). ▪ ACE inhibitors (to decreased protein loss in urine & ↓BP) ▪ Statins (improve blood lipid levels). ▪ Heparin (↑ coagulation / risk of thrombosis → treat vascular effects and improve kidney function) o Diet: ▪ If GFR is normal- dietary intake of complete proteins is needed ▪ If GFR is decreased- dietary protein is decreased, diuretics and sodium restriction. • Acute Kidney Injury: o AKI is rapid reduction in kidney function resulting in a failure to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. ▪ Can occur over a few hours or days o Severity of AKI is based on serum creatinine increase, and decreased urine output- an increase in specific gravity (meaning urine is more concentrated or the patient is dehydrated). o GFR isn’t used to measure acute injury or illness—only chronic kidney disease. o 3 types of AKI ▪ prerenal - conditions that reduce blood flow / oxygen to the kidney → decreased perfusion to kidneys • azotemia- nitrogenous waste/toxin build up o effects LOC, mood, change in personality

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NFPT Exam questions and answers
When spotting a client doing barbell squats, the trainer should be positoined
where?
A. In front of the client.
B. At the side of the client.
C. Behind the client
D. Away from the client.

C.
A soft tissue structure called a ligament connects what?
A. Muscle to bone
B. Bone to bone
C. Muscle to organ
D. Bone to organ

A.
Which of the following is BEST recommended for an obese and sedentary client?
A. Lunges.
B. Olympic lifts.
C. Plyometric training
D. Low intensity aerobics

D.
Which of the following would be the MOST professional way for a trainer to
resolve a conflict with an angry client?
A. Ignore the conflict and risk angering the client more.
B. Immediately terminate the relationship and refuse and reconciliation.
C. Call another trainer over and then discuss the conflict openly on the gym floor.
D. Listen to the client's complaint in private and discuss resolution options.

D.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) provides the certified personal trainer (CPT) the
basis to determine the what?
A. Proper caloric intake for meeting the client's goal.
B. Client's body mass.
C. Adequate repetition range for the client's weight loss.
Client's healthy heart rate.

A.
Which of the following is a bio-mechanical term?
A. Circulation
B. Retraction
C. Respiration
D. Adaptation

,A.
The result of regular resistance exercises lends to an increase in what?
A. Basal Metabolic Rate.
B. Low Density Lipoproteins
C. Resting heart rate
D. Blood pressure

A.
The external factors in stress management upon the body are termed by what?
A. Physical
B. Emotional
C. Environmental
D. Psychological

C.
The three-minute step test is BEST used to assess what fitness component?
A. Strength
B. Flexibility
C. Muscular endurance
D. Cardiovascular endurance.

D.
Faster repetitions with lighter weights typically increase what?
A. Contractile strength
B. Flexibility
C. Contractile speed
D. Hypertrophy

D.
How much work capacity is lost at 2% dehydration?
A. 1-3%
B. 5-8%
C. 12-15%
D. 20-23%

B.
The Valsalva maneuver is generally used by who?
A. Aerobic athletes ensuring increased heart rate.
B. Anaerobic athletes incorporating a 12-15 repetition range.
C. Anaerobic athletes during maximum explosion.
D. Endurance athletes experiencing impaired respiratory capacity.

C.
Lifestyle choices such as smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of sleep, and constant
exposure to negative stress often lead to what?

, A. Poor health, negative weight loss, poor concentration, and an overall decrease in
health.
B. An increased sense of well-being, positive attitude, and an increase in general fitness
level.
C. Lower body fat content, increased muscle growth, and lower cholesterol.
D. An increase in general cardiovascular fitness.

A.
The Karvonen method calculates what?
A. Optimum Training Heart Rate (THR).
B. One repetition maximum (1RM).
C. Oxygen capacity (VO2 MAX).
D. Range of Motion (ROM).

C.
Selecting a weight that can be controlled throughout the entire ROM, in strict
form; barely being able to complete four repetitions with absolutely no forced
repetitions. Sufficient between-set recovery will allow for the performance of the
same number of repetitions in the following sets in this particular movement. This
statement describes which training principle?
A. Rest/Pause
B. Overload
C. Negative
D. Circuit

B.
When testing for ROM, it is MOST important to what?
A. Massage the muscle groups surrounding the joint.
B. Use gentle force to guide the joint through ROM.
C. Allow the client to perform the ROM without assistance.
D. Facilitate ROM using breathing technique.

B.
Which factor does NOT need to be reevaluated by a certified personal trainer after
an annual physical for a client reveals a severely elevated cholesterol level and
impaired cardio-respiratory capacity?
A. Oxygen capacity (VO2 Max)
B. Diet
C. Range of motion
D. Heart rate

C.
What is the MOST common reason for a client to fail to get the same number of
repetitions in each consecutive set?
A. Not eating enough.
B. Not training at the same time each day.

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