NURS 372 Exam 5 Questions and Correct
Answers, With Complete Solution 2024/2025.
stomatitis
Inflammation of the oral cavity causing painful, inflamed ulcerations
Primary - aphothos, herpes simplex, stomatitis, traumatic ulcers
Secondary - opportunistic viruses, fungi, or bacteria, immunocompromise,
chemotherapy drugs
stomatitis s/s
History - recent infections, nutrition changes, oral hygiene habits, trauma, stress
S/s - dry, painful mouth, white plaque-like lesions appear with oral candidiasis (note
location, size, shape, color, odor, drainage)
stomatitis treatment
Oral hygiene, drug therapy to address infectious agent and pain, dietary changes (cool
liquids can be soothing, hard, spicy, salty, and acidic foods or fluids can further irritate)
hairy leukoplakia
White plaques in the mouth and on the tongue that cannot be scraped off - most are
benign but some on the tongue and lips can lead to cancer
hairy leukoplakia s/s
Occurs in immunocompromised patients (HIV, EBV)
Fuzzy appearance
Slightly raised and sharply rounded white lesions
hairy leukoplakia treatment
Smoking cessation
Disease management
oral cancer
Cancer of the oral cavity
Squamous cell carcinoma (lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, oropharynx), basal cell
carcinoma (lips), Kaposi's sarcoma (hard palate, gums, tongue, tonsils)
oral cancer s/s
Difficulty eating, chewing, or swallowing, unplanned weight loss, lesions, pain,
restriction of movement
Bleeding from the mouth, poor appetite, thick or absent saliva, thickening or lump in
cheek
oral cancer labs/imaging
Biopsy of the affected tissue, CT, MRI
oral cancer treatment
Visit dentist 2x/year for screening, smoking cessation, monitor for airway obstruction,
chemo/radiation, place in high flower's position, steroids to reduce inflammation,
surgical management such as tumor reduction
GERD
Occurs as a result of backward flow of stomach contents into esophagus
May lead to Barret's esophagus, causing cancer
GERD s/s
, Dyspepsia, throat irritation, bitter taste, chronic cough
GERD labs/imaging
EGD, esophageal pH monitoring, esophageal manometry (how well stomach is able
keep contents down), Barium swallow study
GERD treatment
Lifestyle changes (BMI below 30, limit alcohol and tobacco, elevate HOB), antiacids,
PPI's, H2 antagonists, prokinetics, fundoplication
hiatal hernia
Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the
chest
hiatal hernia s/s
Heartburn, reflux, chest pain, dysphagia, fullness, worseness upon reclining
hiatal hernia labs/imaging
EGD, CT with contrast, Barium swallow study
hiatal hernia treatment
Fundoplication, laparoscopic fundoplication
gastritis
Inflammation of the gastric mucosa
often caused by H. pylori
gastritis s/s
Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, hematemesis, melena
gastritis labs/imagining
EGD/biopsy, fecal occult, urea breath test. EGD is gold standard diagnostic tool
gastritis treatment
acute - supportive care, eliminate causative factor, drugs that block and buffer gastric
acid secretions. chronic - based on causative agent, may require vitamin B12, drug
therapy to treat H. pylori
peptic ulcer disease
Occurs when mucosal defenses become impaired; epithelium not protected from effects
of acid and pepsin
Duodenal, gastric, and stress ulcers
Many caused by H. pylori
peptic ulcer disease s/s
Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, hematemesis, melena, pain will very
peptic ulcer disease labs/imaging
Testing for H. pylori
Hemoglobin & hematocrit
Occult blood in stool
EGD
Nuclear medicine scan
peptic ulcer disease treatment
Antibiotics for H. pylori, H2 antagonists
gastric cancer
Cancer of the stomach
H. pylori is the largest risk factor
Gastric surgery can increase the risk
Answers, With Complete Solution 2024/2025.
stomatitis
Inflammation of the oral cavity causing painful, inflamed ulcerations
Primary - aphothos, herpes simplex, stomatitis, traumatic ulcers
Secondary - opportunistic viruses, fungi, or bacteria, immunocompromise,
chemotherapy drugs
stomatitis s/s
History - recent infections, nutrition changes, oral hygiene habits, trauma, stress
S/s - dry, painful mouth, white plaque-like lesions appear with oral candidiasis (note
location, size, shape, color, odor, drainage)
stomatitis treatment
Oral hygiene, drug therapy to address infectious agent and pain, dietary changes (cool
liquids can be soothing, hard, spicy, salty, and acidic foods or fluids can further irritate)
hairy leukoplakia
White plaques in the mouth and on the tongue that cannot be scraped off - most are
benign but some on the tongue and lips can lead to cancer
hairy leukoplakia s/s
Occurs in immunocompromised patients (HIV, EBV)
Fuzzy appearance
Slightly raised and sharply rounded white lesions
hairy leukoplakia treatment
Smoking cessation
Disease management
oral cancer
Cancer of the oral cavity
Squamous cell carcinoma (lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, oropharynx), basal cell
carcinoma (lips), Kaposi's sarcoma (hard palate, gums, tongue, tonsils)
oral cancer s/s
Difficulty eating, chewing, or swallowing, unplanned weight loss, lesions, pain,
restriction of movement
Bleeding from the mouth, poor appetite, thick or absent saliva, thickening or lump in
cheek
oral cancer labs/imaging
Biopsy of the affected tissue, CT, MRI
oral cancer treatment
Visit dentist 2x/year for screening, smoking cessation, monitor for airway obstruction,
chemo/radiation, place in high flower's position, steroids to reduce inflammation,
surgical management such as tumor reduction
GERD
Occurs as a result of backward flow of stomach contents into esophagus
May lead to Barret's esophagus, causing cancer
GERD s/s
, Dyspepsia, throat irritation, bitter taste, chronic cough
GERD labs/imaging
EGD, esophageal pH monitoring, esophageal manometry (how well stomach is able
keep contents down), Barium swallow study
GERD treatment
Lifestyle changes (BMI below 30, limit alcohol and tobacco, elevate HOB), antiacids,
PPI's, H2 antagonists, prokinetics, fundoplication
hiatal hernia
Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the
chest
hiatal hernia s/s
Heartburn, reflux, chest pain, dysphagia, fullness, worseness upon reclining
hiatal hernia labs/imaging
EGD, CT with contrast, Barium swallow study
hiatal hernia treatment
Fundoplication, laparoscopic fundoplication
gastritis
Inflammation of the gastric mucosa
often caused by H. pylori
gastritis s/s
Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, hematemesis, melena
gastritis labs/imagining
EGD/biopsy, fecal occult, urea breath test. EGD is gold standard diagnostic tool
gastritis treatment
acute - supportive care, eliminate causative factor, drugs that block and buffer gastric
acid secretions. chronic - based on causative agent, may require vitamin B12, drug
therapy to treat H. pylori
peptic ulcer disease
Occurs when mucosal defenses become impaired; epithelium not protected from effects
of acid and pepsin
Duodenal, gastric, and stress ulcers
Many caused by H. pylori
peptic ulcer disease s/s
Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, hematemesis, melena, pain will very
peptic ulcer disease labs/imaging
Testing for H. pylori
Hemoglobin & hematocrit
Occult blood in stool
EGD
Nuclear medicine scan
peptic ulcer disease treatment
Antibiotics for H. pylori, H2 antagonists
gastric cancer
Cancer of the stomach
H. pylori is the largest risk factor
Gastric surgery can increase the risk
