NR 508 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions and Answer Rated A+

NR 508 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions and Answer Rated A+ 1st line treatment for HTN (non-black, no CKD) ACEI (arb), thiazide, ccb 1st line treatment for HTN for black pts (no ckd) thiazide, ccb 1st line option for HTN for anyone with CKD ACEI (arb) Types of diuretics thiazides, loop diuretics, k-sparing preferred diuretic with renal impairment loop-diuretics diuretics - S/E & D/I S/E All - hypokalemia, arrhythmia, metbolic alkalosis, fatigue, postrual hypotension, hyperlipidemia S/E for k-sparing - hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, peptic ulcer) S/E for thiazides - hyperglycemia & hypercalcemia S/E for loop hypocalcemia D/I All- digoxin (hypokalemia/toxicity risk), NSAIDs (reduce diuresis), lithium (toxicity risk), corticosteroids (enhance hypokalemia), anti-diabetic drugs (decrease anti-diabetic levels) D/I for thiazides - BB's - increase hyperglycemia/ hyperlipidemia D/I for loops - aminoglycosides = ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity which diuretic causes post diuretic sodium retention loop diuretics post-diuretic effect, a compensatory sodium-retention process that begins as the diuretic action wanes. Diuretics that do not contain a sulfonamide derivative ****ethacrynic acid*** also: amiloride, hydrochloride, eplerenone, spironolactone, and triamterene (safe for pt with allergy to sulfa) CHF drugs including diuretic choices First line: ACEI's or ARB, Beta-blocker, diuretics (loop & potassium sparing) -ACEI's & ARB's decrease mortality -if ACEI contraindicated: use ARB or Hydralizine & Isosorbide (decrease mortality/less effective than ACEI) -Beta-blockers: decrease mortality, NEVER when active failure, ONLY after diuresed & other medications -Digoxin: add if needed for systolic HF **if 1st line tx not enough.........******* Spironolactone & Eplerenone Nitrates and hydralazine (lower mortality in class 3&4 for African American) Calcium channel blockers (Can worsen hf use caution **BUT NEVER IN SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION - thats for digoxin) (DA BD is aa sad) Diuretics ACE inhibitors Beta-Blockers (after acute)