Summary AS & A Level Biology notes: Respiration, Gas Exchange, and Infectious Diseases

BIOLOGY EST
24 November 2023, Term 2

Angelina J




Contents
- EST POINTERS
- NOTES
- PREDICTED QUESTIONS/ past papers

,EST POINTERS
MCQ
- [3] Structure of trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli 8
(photomicrograph and explanation)
- [1-2] Role of macrophage, B&T lymphocyte, memory cell
- [1-2] Example of active and passive immunity
- [1] Cholera causes, transmission, and prevention
- [1] Other diseases vector and transmission
- [1] Cause of antibiotic resistance

Structured Questions
- Structure and tissue function : Trachea, bronchus, alveoli
- Result of primary and secondary immune response
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Measles
- Cholera
- Malaria
- Infectious diseases caused by virus (HIV, Chicken pox)
- Works of antibiotics




Important resources for photomicrograph
https://histology.medicine.umich.edu/resources/respiratory-system#back-to-top

, NOTES

Structure and tissue function: trachea, bronchus, alveoli

[Size] trachea > bronchus > bronchioles > alveoli
*bronchi (plural) = bronchus

LUNGS
- Take up space in thoracic cavity
- Surrounded by a membrane → pleura
- Separated by a mediastinum

Inhalation
nasal cavity → trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli


TRACHEA
structure
- C shaped cartilage wrapped with connective tissue at outer part
and ciliated epithelium on the inside
- CILIATED EPITHELIUM → goblet cells
- GOBLET CELLS → produce sticky mucus
→ moisten airway
→ trap dust particles