ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT ACTUAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE (ATLS) VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND HIGHLIGHTED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+…

ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT ACTUAL EXAM 2024 LATEST UPDATE (ATLS) VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND HIGHLIGHTED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+…. Which vasopressors should you use to treat hemorrhagic shock? What are the drug doses - ANSWER- Never use pressors hypovolemic shock - use VOLUME replacement. Pressors will worsen tissue perfusion in hemorrhagic shock Compensatory mechanisms may preclude a measurable fall in systolic blood pressure until up to ____% of the patient's blood volume is lost. - ANSWER- 30 Any patient who is cool and is tachycardic is considered to be _______until proven otherwise. - ANSWER- in shock The definition of tachycardia depends on patients age. What heart rate is considered tachycardic for infants, toddlers/PS, schoolage/prepubescent, and adults - ANSWERInfants 160 toddlers/PS 140 schoolage/prepubescent 120 Adults 100 How do you calculate total blood volume in an adult? - ANSWER- 70 mL per kg. A 70 kg person has about 5 L of circulating blood. (70*70) = 4900 mL How do you calculate TBV in child - ANSWER- BW (kg) X 80-90 mL The blood volume of an obese person is calculated based upon their _________ weight - ANSWER- ideal Fluid replacement should be guided by __________, not simply by the initial classification (Class I-IV) - ANSWER- The patient's response to initial replacement How much blood volume is lost with Class I hemorrhage? - ANSWER- Up to 15% Donating 1 pint, or ~500 mL of blood is about 10% volume lose and would classify as Class I Hemorrhage. Transcapillary refill and other compensatory mechanisms restore blood volume within 24 hours How much blood volume is lost with Class II hemorrhage - ANSWER- 15-30% (750- 1500 mL in a 70 kg adult) Patients with GSC of less than _____ usually require intubation - ANSWER- 8 The "A" in ABCD stands for ______. - ANSWER- Airway maintenance with Cervical SPINE protection You should assume that any patient in a multisystem trauma with an altered level of consciousness or blunt injury above the clavice has what type of injury - ANSWERCervical Spine Injury Flail chest is invariably accompanied by _______ which can interfere with blood oxygenation - ANSWER- pulmonary contusion - do NOT over fluid resuscitate these patients. Hypotension is caused by ______ until proven otherwise. - ANSWER- hypovolemia When you dont have a BP what are three things to look for when evaluating perfusion? - ANSWER- 1. level of consciousness (brain perfusion 2. Skin color (ashen face/grey extremities) 3. Pulse (bilateral femoral - thready/tachy) Elderly patients have a limited ability to ___________ to compensate for blood loss - ANSWER- increase heart rate Resuscitation fluids should be warmed to 39 Celsius - ANSWER- Only for Cyrstalloids, NOT for blood Urinary catheters are good for assessing renal perfusion and volume status. List 5 signs of urethral injury that might precent you from inserting one - ANSWER- Blood at urethral meatus, perineal ecchymosis, blood in scrotum, high-riding/non-palpable prostate, pelvic fracture Which arm should you NOT put a pulse-ox on? - ANSWER- The arm with the BP cuff 2 anatomical things that can interfere - ANSWER- Obesity and intraluminal bowel gas When should radiographs be obtained? - ANSWER- During the Secondary survey! How do get an ample patient history? - ANSWER- Allergies Medications PMH/Pregnancy Last meal Events/Environment Why might you want a Bair Hugger for a patient who smells of Alcohol? - ANSWERVasodilation can lead to hypothermia What things are you looking for when you do a DRE in trauma - ANSWER- Blood, high riding prostate, sphincter tone, What should be done for every female patient - ANSWER- Pregnancy test Adult patients should maintain UOP of at least _____mL/kg/hr. Kids should have at least ______ mL/kg/hr - ANSWER- Adults 0.5 mL/ Kids 1.0 mL/kg/hr Preventing hypercarbia (hypercapnia) is critical in patients who have sustained a _______ injury - ANSWER- head