FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING SPRING 2024 - EXAM 1 REVIEW

FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING SPRING 2024 - EXAM 1 REVIEW How often should an electronic BP cuff be calibrated? Once a year Holistic Health Model The relationships among body, mind, and spirit that contribute to wellness. 1st Step of Scientific Method Identify a problem 2nd Step of Scientific Method Research and gather information 3rd Step of Scientific Method Form a hypothesis 4th Step of Scientific Method Test the hypothesis 5th Step of Scientific Method Analyze data and draw conclusions External Variables Family practices, socioeconomic factors, cultural background Primary Prevention Promotion Education, nutrition, housing, marriage+sex education Primary Prevention Protection Immunization, hygiene, environmental sanitation, occupational hazards, accident protection Secondary Prevention - Prompt Dx and Tx Mass screenings, cure/prevent. Limit disability and death. Secondary Prevention - Disability Limiting Stop disease process, prevent further harm, provision of facilities to prevent death and disability Tertiary Prevention Rehabilitation to the highest level of functioning, helping disabled people return to work and normal life. Prevent deterioration. Normal Monocyte Range 2%-8% Normal Eosinophil Range 1%-4% Normal Basophil Range 0.5%-1.5% Normal Lymphocyte Range 20-40% What measures reduce fever? Promotion of heat loss Promotion of Heat Loss antipyretics, removing covers, cooling blankets Meperidine (Demerol) opioid analgesic that can promote heat loss through PREVENTING shivering Risk Factors in Young-Middle Adults Firearms, substance abuse, inadequate nutrition Risk Factors in Older Adults Falling Risk Factors in Adolescents Suicide External Variables social support, illness visibility, culture, economic background, access to healthcare Internal Variables Patient's perception of disease, coping skills, locus of control Impacts of Illness on the Patient/Family body image, emotional changes, self concept, family roles Healthy People 2030 Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death. Fear of Falling excessive anxiety about falling that leads to activity avoidance and decline in functioning Educating on fall risk, changes in gait after a stroke, and aging Reduces fear of falling, in turn encouraging patients to maintain mobility and functioning Circadian Temperature Rhythm 24hr body temperature variance - 0.5 to 1 C Magnet Recognition Program - Components Transformational leadership, structural empowerment, strong professional practice Magnet Recognition Program - Forces of Magnetism nursing leadership quality, quality of care, quality improvement, structure, policies, autonomy Disinfecting Process Rinse tool with water, greater # of pathogens = greater amount of disinfectant required Sustained Fever remains elevated with little fluctuation Intermittent Fever Fluctuating fever that returns to or below baseline then rises again. Remittent Fever Fluctuating, remains elevated and does not return to baseline Relapsing Fever Febrile periods over 24 hours, return to baseline over the next 24 hours, and then return of fever over the next day Heatstroke 104 F +, hot dry skin, delirium/coma/convulsions, thirst, nausea, cramps, visual disturbances, high HR/low BP Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion F = (C * 1.8) + 32 Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion C = (F - 32) / 1.8 Nursing Intervention - Minimize Heat Production reduce frequency of excessive turning and ambulation; allow rest periods; limit physical activity Nursing Intervention - Maximize Heat Loss reduce external covering on patient's body without causing shivering; keep patient, clothing, and bed linen dry Heat Production elevated metabolic rate Nursing Interventions - Increased Metabolic Rate O2 as ordered, stimulate appetite, provide 8 to 10 glasses water to replace fluids lost through sweating Asphyxiation suffocation Culturally Congruent Care care that fits a person's life patterns, values, and system of meaning Providing culturally congruent care requires... acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes Wound Specimen Collection Procedure clean site with sterile water or saline apply gloves and use cotton tipped swab or syringe to collect as much drainage as possible place in clean test tube after swabbing wound grasp tube with a paper towel, carefully insert cotton swab without touching outside of tube, cap and transfer into biohazard bag and perform hand hygiene Self-Regulation by the Nurse Reflect on past experiences, be responsible for own actions, identify opportunities for improvement, failures and successes Interpretation by the Nurse orderly data collection, apply reasoning, categorize data, gather and clarify data Analysis by the Nurse open-minded, no careless assumptions, data trends Inference by the Nurse meaning and significance of findings, is data helpful? relationships between data? Evaluation by the Nurse objective views, objective criteria, determine results of actions, reflect on oneself Explanation by the Nurse support findings/conclusions, use knowledge and experience to choose strategies Five-Step Nursing Process Assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate Nursing Assessment Recognize and analyze cues Nursing Diagnoses Analyze cues and prioritize hypothesis Nursing Planning Prioritize hypothesis and generate solutions Nursing Implementation Generate solutions and take action Nursing Evaluation