MSK II - Musculoskeletal Examination 2 (Manual Therapy) Questions and Answers 100% and Graded A+

What are the functional roles of the foot and ankle? - CORRECT ANSWER-Stability and mobility In how many regions do we divide the foot from a biomechanical perspective? - CORRECT ANSWER-Forefoot (metatarsals and phalanges) Midfoot (navicular cuboid and cuneiforms) Hindfoot (Talus and calcaneus) subtalar supination in OKC - CORRECT ANSWER-Calcaneal Inversion, ADD, and PF (20*) (Increased arch) subtalar supination in CKC - CORRECT ANSWER-Elevates arch. Inversion, ABD, and DF. subtalar pronation in OKC - CORRECT ANSWER-Calcaneal Eversion, ABD, and DF. (10*) subtalar pronation in CKC - CORRECT ANSWER-Calcaneal Eversion, ADD, and PF. (Decreased arch) calcaneal varus - CORRECT ANSWER-distal segment toward midline calcaneal valgus - CORRECT ANSWER-distal segment away from midline talus movement in plantar flexion - CORRECT ANSWER-posterior roll anterior glide talus movement in dorsiflexion - CORRECT ANSWER-anterior roll posterior glide Talocrural joint coupling. In which direction does the let rotate from Heel strike to foot flat? - CORRECT ANSWER-axis shifts with movement from the transverse plane of the lower leg to frontal plane of the foot In which position is the TCJ in open and loose pack? What is the capsular pattern of this joint? - CORRECT ANSWER-Open Packed: 10-20* PF (Ligamentous testing) Closed Pack: Dorsiflexion Capsular Pattern: PF more limited than DF What ligaments keep the TCJ together on the Medial side - CORRECT ANSWER--deltoid ligaments -resist valgus/eversion -high risk of fracture medial malleolus, fibula What ligaments keep the TCJ together on the lateral side - CORRECT ANSWER--lateral ligments: ant/post talofib and calcaneofib -resists inversion/varus stress ATFL is weakest and most injured How does pronation of the subtalar joint impact the ipsilateral hip and knee? - CORRECT ANSWER-Leg and hip IR, and genu valgum. transverse arch of the foot - CORRECT ANSWER-runs obliquely from one side of the foot to the other medial longitudinal arch of the foot - CORRECT ANSWER-Primary load bearing & shock-absorbing structure of the foot Height of arch is maintained by plantar fascia, intrinsic foot muscles, spring ligament and stability of midfoot joints lateral longitudinal arch of the foot - CORRECT ANSWER-calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals What's the main function of the plantar fascia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increases stability at end stages of gait (Windlass) which increases energy during push off. What are common dysfunctions of the medial arch - CORRECT ANSWER-Pes planus/cavus. Which are the most common conditions associated with Pes planus - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypermobility=hyperactivity of muscles working to keep your arch. Poor patellar tracking. Which are the most common conditions associated with Pes cavus - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased medial longitudinal arch=rigid foot=decreased shock absorbing. Rearfoot varus Jones fracture or 5th MET d/t lateral forces. related injuries to pes planus - CORRECT ANSWER-plantar fasciitis knee pain patellar tendinitis stress fractures (2/3 MTs) related injuries to pes clavus - CORRECT ANSWER-plantar fasciitis ankle inv sprains ITBS stress fracture (5 MT) Stress and Tendon Injury Is shin splint an accurate denomination? - CORRECT ANSWER-No. Repetitive stress to connective tissue What is the common clinical presentation of a Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER-Stress to tibialis anterior and pain with palpation. Inappropriate footwear. Weaknesses during running. Poor running mechanics. Improper training. Tight gastrocnemius. Hypermobile pronated foot. Weak tib anterior/posterior How do you make a differential diagnosis of this condition with Tibialis Anterior Tendinopathy or of lumbar origin? - CORRECT ANSWER-Assess for radiculopathy to rule out What's the main etiology of Tibialis Posterior Tendinopathy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Controls eccentric pronation. External rotation dysfunction. Asking tendon to do too much to maintain arch. Navicular irritation. Pain with resisted MMT Higher mobile feet What's the main etiology of Peroneal Tendinopathy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Overuse or friction. Retinaculum injury. Weakness. Inversion sprain Can rupture at retinaculum, leading to peroneal subluxation