Chapter 14 - Endocrine System - The Human Body In Health And Illness Exam Questions And Answers 2024

Chapter 14 - Endocrine System - The Human Body In Health And Illness Exam Questions And Answers 2024 target tissue or organ - correct answer-describes a specific tissue or organ to which a hormone binds receptor - correct answer-hormones bind to these special areas in the cell membrane of the target tissue hormones - correct answer-chemical messagers that influences or controls the activities of other tissues or organs. endocrine glands - correct answer-secrete chemical substances called hormones; ductless glands exocrine glands - correct answer-glands that secrete into ducts (e.g., sweat glands, sebaceous glands) biorythm - correct answer-describes this pattern of hormone secretion: cortisol secretion is highest in the morning (8 AM), lowest in the evening; example is circadian rhythm; jet lag and night shift work alter this pattern of hormone secretion tropic hormones - correct answer-hormones that are aimed at a target the interaction of the hormones with its receptor stimulates the production of? - correct answer-a second messenger cyclic such as adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) thyroid gland - correct answer-composed of many secretory unites called follicles. the gland secretes T3, T4, and calcatonin; uses iodine to synthesize its hormones; target gland TSH; associated with cavities filled with colloid, isthmus and iodine (many target tissues) anterior pituitary gland - correct answer-adenohypophysis; secretes 6 major hormones: tropic hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH), ACTH, growth hormone, gonadotropins and prolactin posterior pituitary gland - correct answer-called the neurohypophysis; secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin hypothalamus - correct answer-below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion (secretes releasing hormones) pancreas - correct answer-beta and alpha cells of islets of Langerhans; secretes insulin and glucagon pineal gland - correct answer-cone-shaped gland; secretes melatonin; called the biological clock parathyroid glands - correct answer-low plasma levels of calcium stimulate these glands to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH); glands that are sometimes embedded within the thyroid gland; removal causes hypocalcemic tetany (fewer target cells and therfore fewer effects) adrenal cortex - correct answer-target glands for ACTH; secretes the steroids- glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens; secretes the hormones that are concerned with sugar, salt, and sex adrenal medulla - correct answer-secretes the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine; secretions of this gland contribute to the sympathetic fight-or-flight response ovaries - correct answer-gonads that secrete estrogen and progesterone testes - correct answer-gonad that secretes testosterone thymus gland - correct answer-this gland plays an important role in immunity and involutes, or shrinks, after puberty catecholamines - correct answer-Epinephrine and norepinephrine; sympathomimetic hormones steroids hormones - correct answer-are lipid soluable, pass through the plasma membrane of the target cell and binds to th nuclelus. the steroid receptor complex then stimulates protein synthesis. the new protein alters cellular function (cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone) insulin - correct answer-the stimulus for its release is an increasing blood glucose level; the only hormone that lowers blood glucose glucagon - correct answer-pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose levels parathyroid hormone - correct answer-hormone that acts on three target organs (bones,kidneys, and intestine) to increase the blood levels of calcium; stimulates osteoclastic activity growth hormone - correct answer-also called somatotropic hormone, this anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the growth of the musculoskeletal system