NSC Exam Review Questions and
Answers
Carb function in the body - Answer-Main energy source
Glycemic Index - Answer-ranking foods based on the relative blood glucose response
observed after ingesting them.
High glucose response= high glycemic index
low glucose response= low glycemic index.
Monosaccharides - Answer-glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides - Answer-sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides - Answer-thousands of molecules bound together-starch, glycogen,
fiber
Soluble Fiber - Answer-dissolves or swells in water, weight management (feeling full=
satiety), lowering cholesterol, and helps control blood sugar levels
Foods-citrus, apples, bananas, oats, beans
Insoluble Fiber - Answer-does not dissolve, helps GI health, prebiotic, protection against
colon cancer
Foods-whole grain, wheat bran, rice, veggies
Insulin - Answer-hormone secreted by the pancreas in order to unlock cells to allow
glucose in, lowering glucose levels. It is secreted when blood glucose levels are too
high, above 99
Glucagon - Answer-hormone secreted at the opposite time of insulin in order to raise
glucose levels. It is released when glucose levels are too low, releasing glucose from
the liver into the bloodstream
Type I Diabetes - Answer-pancreas can no longer produce insulin
Type II Diabetes - Answer-cells develop a resistance to insulin
Gluten - Answer-insoluble protein composite // wheat, rye, and barley-responsible for
the elastic consistency of dough
Celiac Disease - Answer-inherited disease // immune system attacks small intestine
when gluten is ingested
, Normal Fasting Blood Glucose Levels - Answer-normal 70-99 mg/dl, prediabetes 100-
125 mg/dl, diabetes greater than 126
Probiotic Vs. Prebiotic - Answer-probiotic (yogurt) are healthy bacteria that aid the GI
tract to move everything along, where prebiotics (honey) are mainly fibers that feed the
probiotic bacteria
Lactose Intolerance - Answer-lack of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose into
a monosaccharide in order to be absorbed. Since it is not broken down, it is
metabolized by the large intestine, causing pain, gas, bloating, and discomfort
HDL vs. LDL - Answer-High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-good, more protein, removes
cholesterol, want levels above 60
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-bad, more cholesterol by dropping it off, delivers to your
cells
Saturated Fat - Answer-single bonds // bagels, milkshakes, cream cheese
Monounsaturated Fats (MUFA) - Answer-one double bond // nuts, avocados, vegetable
oils
Polyunsaturated Fats (PUFA) - Answer-more than one double bond // plant and animal
foods- salmon, vegetable oils
Omega 3 - Answer-Linolenic, double bond after the 3rd carbon, helps prevent
cardiovascular disease// canola oil, soybean oil, salmon
Omega 6 - Answer-Linoleic, double bond after 6th carbon, good for epithelial cell
function and gene expression // soybean oil, meat, sunflower oil
EPA - Answer-decrease inflammation// seafood, especially salmon
DHA - Answer-brain development and reduce brain inflammation // seafood, especially
salmon
Triglyceride - Answer-3 carbon molecule / stored in fat cells
Carbon Chain Size - Answer-Small < 6 carbons
Medium 6-12 carbons
Long > 12 carbons
Foods that contain cholesterol - Answer--eggs -cheese
Foods that contain saturated fats - Answer--burger, pizza, cheese, sausage
Answers
Carb function in the body - Answer-Main energy source
Glycemic Index - Answer-ranking foods based on the relative blood glucose response
observed after ingesting them.
High glucose response= high glycemic index
low glucose response= low glycemic index.
Monosaccharides - Answer-glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides - Answer-sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides - Answer-thousands of molecules bound together-starch, glycogen,
fiber
Soluble Fiber - Answer-dissolves or swells in water, weight management (feeling full=
satiety), lowering cholesterol, and helps control blood sugar levels
Foods-citrus, apples, bananas, oats, beans
Insoluble Fiber - Answer-does not dissolve, helps GI health, prebiotic, protection against
colon cancer
Foods-whole grain, wheat bran, rice, veggies
Insulin - Answer-hormone secreted by the pancreas in order to unlock cells to allow
glucose in, lowering glucose levels. It is secreted when blood glucose levels are too
high, above 99
Glucagon - Answer-hormone secreted at the opposite time of insulin in order to raise
glucose levels. It is released when glucose levels are too low, releasing glucose from
the liver into the bloodstream
Type I Diabetes - Answer-pancreas can no longer produce insulin
Type II Diabetes - Answer-cells develop a resistance to insulin
Gluten - Answer-insoluble protein composite // wheat, rye, and barley-responsible for
the elastic consistency of dough
Celiac Disease - Answer-inherited disease // immune system attacks small intestine
when gluten is ingested
, Normal Fasting Blood Glucose Levels - Answer-normal 70-99 mg/dl, prediabetes 100-
125 mg/dl, diabetes greater than 126
Probiotic Vs. Prebiotic - Answer-probiotic (yogurt) are healthy bacteria that aid the GI
tract to move everything along, where prebiotics (honey) are mainly fibers that feed the
probiotic bacteria
Lactose Intolerance - Answer-lack of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose into
a monosaccharide in order to be absorbed. Since it is not broken down, it is
metabolized by the large intestine, causing pain, gas, bloating, and discomfort
HDL vs. LDL - Answer-High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-good, more protein, removes
cholesterol, want levels above 60
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-bad, more cholesterol by dropping it off, delivers to your
cells
Saturated Fat - Answer-single bonds // bagels, milkshakes, cream cheese
Monounsaturated Fats (MUFA) - Answer-one double bond // nuts, avocados, vegetable
oils
Polyunsaturated Fats (PUFA) - Answer-more than one double bond // plant and animal
foods- salmon, vegetable oils
Omega 3 - Answer-Linolenic, double bond after the 3rd carbon, helps prevent
cardiovascular disease// canola oil, soybean oil, salmon
Omega 6 - Answer-Linoleic, double bond after 6th carbon, good for epithelial cell
function and gene expression // soybean oil, meat, sunflower oil
EPA - Answer-decrease inflammation// seafood, especially salmon
DHA - Answer-brain development and reduce brain inflammation // seafood, especially
salmon
Triglyceride - Answer-3 carbon molecule / stored in fat cells
Carbon Chain Size - Answer-Small < 6 carbons
Medium 6-12 carbons
Long > 12 carbons
Foods that contain cholesterol - Answer--eggs -cheese
Foods that contain saturated fats - Answer--burger, pizza, cheese, sausage
