NSC 170 Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answer
Carb Production - Answer-Produced by photosynthesis
Monosaccharides (simple carbs) - Answer-Glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides (simple carbs) - Answer-Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Polysaccharides - Answer-many monosaccharides linked together
Starch - Answer-storage form of glucose (carbs) in plants
Glycogen - Answer-Animal storage form of glucose. Found in liver and muscles
Fiber - Answer-A complex carbohydrate (0 cal), found in plant foods, that cannot be
broken down (different bond form). Fermented in large intestines
Health Benefits of Fiber - Answer-- Inhibits cholesterol absorption, lowering cholesterol
levels
- Slows glucose absorption
- Keeps you fuller, longer
Carb Digestion - Answer-- Mouth (Salivary Amylase)
- Stomach
- Pancreas (Pancreatic Amylase and sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme)
- Small Intestines (Disaccharides into Monosaccharides)
Insulin - Answer-Hormones that lowers blood glucose levels (pancreas)
Glucagon - Answer-Hormones that raises blood glucose levels (skeletal muscle and
liver)
Krebs cycle - Answer-How we produce ATP (usable energy)
Type 1 & 2 Diabetes - Answer-- Insulin dependent (fruity breath, gain weight, fatigue)
- Insulin (obesity)
Essential Fatty Acids - Answer-Polyunsaturated are needed to produce eicosanoids
-Omega 3's (anti-inflammatory)
-Omega 6's
, Trans-fat - Answer-Lower HDL raise LDL (bad)
Sterols - Answer-(Cholesterol) Precursor to : Vit D, testosterone, estrogen, bile
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids - Answer-(Small intestines) Bile emulsifies fat,
Chylomicrons absoribed into lymphatic system
Lipoproteins - Answer-Fat transporters
Chylomicrons (lipoproteins) - Answer-- composed of triglycerides
- Made in small intestines
- Deliver triglycerides to cells
VLDL - Answer-- composed of triglycerides
- Made in liver from synthesized fat
LDL - Answer-- Composed of cholesterol
- Made in circulation from VLDL
HDL - Answer-- Composed of protein
- Made in liver for reverse cholesterol transport
Essential Amino Acids - Answer-Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by
the body; they must be eatin in foods
Lymph - Answer-Carries dietary fat to large vein
Nervous Tissue - Answer-Utilize chemoreceptors and baroreceptorsam
Stomach - Answer-Gastric Juice & Chyme
Organs in waste removal - Answer-Large intestines, lungs and liver
Liver - Answer-Fat soluble waste dumped in ile
Kidneys - Answer-Water soluble waste dissolved in water, urine stored in bladder
Storage Stystem - Answer-Liver - carbs (glycogen)
Muscles - carbs (glycogen)
Fat cells - fat related
Acid Reflux - Answer-Lower gastroesophageal sphincter
Fat Soluble Vitamin - Answer-Not excreted
- Stored in liver and adipose tissue
Correct Answer
Carb Production - Answer-Produced by photosynthesis
Monosaccharides (simple carbs) - Answer-Glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides (simple carbs) - Answer-Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Polysaccharides - Answer-many monosaccharides linked together
Starch - Answer-storage form of glucose (carbs) in plants
Glycogen - Answer-Animal storage form of glucose. Found in liver and muscles
Fiber - Answer-A complex carbohydrate (0 cal), found in plant foods, that cannot be
broken down (different bond form). Fermented in large intestines
Health Benefits of Fiber - Answer-- Inhibits cholesterol absorption, lowering cholesterol
levels
- Slows glucose absorption
- Keeps you fuller, longer
Carb Digestion - Answer-- Mouth (Salivary Amylase)
- Stomach
- Pancreas (Pancreatic Amylase and sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme)
- Small Intestines (Disaccharides into Monosaccharides)
Insulin - Answer-Hormones that lowers blood glucose levels (pancreas)
Glucagon - Answer-Hormones that raises blood glucose levels (skeletal muscle and
liver)
Krebs cycle - Answer-How we produce ATP (usable energy)
Type 1 & 2 Diabetes - Answer-- Insulin dependent (fruity breath, gain weight, fatigue)
- Insulin (obesity)
Essential Fatty Acids - Answer-Polyunsaturated are needed to produce eicosanoids
-Omega 3's (anti-inflammatory)
-Omega 6's
, Trans-fat - Answer-Lower HDL raise LDL (bad)
Sterols - Answer-(Cholesterol) Precursor to : Vit D, testosterone, estrogen, bile
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids - Answer-(Small intestines) Bile emulsifies fat,
Chylomicrons absoribed into lymphatic system
Lipoproteins - Answer-Fat transporters
Chylomicrons (lipoproteins) - Answer-- composed of triglycerides
- Made in small intestines
- Deliver triglycerides to cells
VLDL - Answer-- composed of triglycerides
- Made in liver from synthesized fat
LDL - Answer-- Composed of cholesterol
- Made in circulation from VLDL
HDL - Answer-- Composed of protein
- Made in liver for reverse cholesterol transport
Essential Amino Acids - Answer-Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by
the body; they must be eatin in foods
Lymph - Answer-Carries dietary fat to large vein
Nervous Tissue - Answer-Utilize chemoreceptors and baroreceptorsam
Stomach - Answer-Gastric Juice & Chyme
Organs in waste removal - Answer-Large intestines, lungs and liver
Liver - Answer-Fat soluble waste dumped in ile
Kidneys - Answer-Water soluble waste dissolved in water, urine stored in bladder
Storage Stystem - Answer-Liver - carbs (glycogen)
Muscles - carbs (glycogen)
Fat cells - fat related
Acid Reflux - Answer-Lower gastroesophageal sphincter
Fat Soluble Vitamin - Answer-Not excreted
- Stored in liver and adipose tissue
