NSC 150 Exam Study Guide Questions
with Complete Answers
Carbohydrates - Answer-Function in body: main energy source for cells (nerves+ brain,
red blood cells)
Glycemic Index - Answer-measures how foods affect level of blood sugar, high GI foods
>70 (sugar, processed foods, starch) low GI foods <55 (fiber, protein, cooking)
Monosaccharides - Answer-glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides - Answer-sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides - Answer-complex carbohydrate macro molecules made from sugar
molecules (starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin)
Starch - Answer-broken down into glucose and absorbed
Fiber - Answer-moves through small intestine undigested
What differentiates starch from fiber? - Answer-Both are carbs but fiber is different bc
it's not digested by the human body in the same way
Soluble Fiber - Answer-dissolves in water, absorbed in stomach + intestines
Foods: beans, oats, apples, strawberries
Benefit: weight management + improving heart disease risk factors, low cholesterol and
blood sugar levels
Insoluble Fiber - Answer-does not dissolve in water, absorbed in stomach + intestines
Foods: wheat, rice, veggies
Benefits: promotes GI health + protection against colon cancer
Insulin - Answer-helps control blood sugar levels
-secreted from pancreas, released when wheat and glucose is absorbed into
bloodstream
Glucagon - Answer-prevents blood glucose from dropping too low, pancreas from
dropping too low, pancreas releases glucagon if levels too low
Type 1 Diabetes - Answer-body cant produce enough insulin
Type 2 Diabetes - Answer-body cells become less responsive to insulin
What is gluten? - Answer-protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
, What causes celiac disease? - Answer-gluten triggers it and can be gene related
Normal Fasting Blood glucose levels - Answer-70-100 mg/dl
Probiotic - Answer-live microbes (healthy bacteria) applied to or ingested into the body,
intended to exert a beneficial effect
EX: yogurt, kombucha, cheese
Prebiotic - Answer-a substance that passes undigested into the colon and stimulates
the growth and/or activity of certain types of bacteria
EX: fibers, honey, apples, bananas
What causes lactose intolerance? - Answer-lactase deficiency, lactose undigested and
not absorbed
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - Answer-the type of lipoprotein that transports
cholesterol back to the liver from the cells; composed primarily of protein (healthy
cholesterol)
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - Answer-"bad" cholesterol
drops off cholesterol
Contributes to cardiovascular disease
Saturated Fat - Answer-solid at room temp, 1 bond (meat)
Monounsaturated Fat (MUFA) - Answer-- One double bond
-triglycerides in which most of fatty acids have one point of unsaturation
- Sources: olive, avocado, canola oil
Polyunsaturated (PUFA) - Answer-triglyceride in which most of fatty acids have 2 or
more points of unsaturation
-more than one double bond
-Sources: fish, nuts, seeds
Omega 3 Linolenic - Answer-essential fatty acid
-Benefits: lowers triglycerides, prevents blood clotting, keeps heart beat regular, lowers
blood pressure, defends against inflammation
Omega 6 Linoleum - Answer-Benefits: reducing risk of heart disease, lowering total
cholesterol levels, reducing cancer risk
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) - Answer-one of several omega-3's, decreases
inflammation
-found in salmon
with Complete Answers
Carbohydrates - Answer-Function in body: main energy source for cells (nerves+ brain,
red blood cells)
Glycemic Index - Answer-measures how foods affect level of blood sugar, high GI foods
>70 (sugar, processed foods, starch) low GI foods <55 (fiber, protein, cooking)
Monosaccharides - Answer-glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides - Answer-sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides - Answer-complex carbohydrate macro molecules made from sugar
molecules (starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin)
Starch - Answer-broken down into glucose and absorbed
Fiber - Answer-moves through small intestine undigested
What differentiates starch from fiber? - Answer-Both are carbs but fiber is different bc
it's not digested by the human body in the same way
Soluble Fiber - Answer-dissolves in water, absorbed in stomach + intestines
Foods: beans, oats, apples, strawberries
Benefit: weight management + improving heart disease risk factors, low cholesterol and
blood sugar levels
Insoluble Fiber - Answer-does not dissolve in water, absorbed in stomach + intestines
Foods: wheat, rice, veggies
Benefits: promotes GI health + protection against colon cancer
Insulin - Answer-helps control blood sugar levels
-secreted from pancreas, released when wheat and glucose is absorbed into
bloodstream
Glucagon - Answer-prevents blood glucose from dropping too low, pancreas from
dropping too low, pancreas releases glucagon if levels too low
Type 1 Diabetes - Answer-body cant produce enough insulin
Type 2 Diabetes - Answer-body cells become less responsive to insulin
What is gluten? - Answer-protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
, What causes celiac disease? - Answer-gluten triggers it and can be gene related
Normal Fasting Blood glucose levels - Answer-70-100 mg/dl
Probiotic - Answer-live microbes (healthy bacteria) applied to or ingested into the body,
intended to exert a beneficial effect
EX: yogurt, kombucha, cheese
Prebiotic - Answer-a substance that passes undigested into the colon and stimulates
the growth and/or activity of certain types of bacteria
EX: fibers, honey, apples, bananas
What causes lactose intolerance? - Answer-lactase deficiency, lactose undigested and
not absorbed
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - Answer-the type of lipoprotein that transports
cholesterol back to the liver from the cells; composed primarily of protein (healthy
cholesterol)
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - Answer-"bad" cholesterol
drops off cholesterol
Contributes to cardiovascular disease
Saturated Fat - Answer-solid at room temp, 1 bond (meat)
Monounsaturated Fat (MUFA) - Answer-- One double bond
-triglycerides in which most of fatty acids have one point of unsaturation
- Sources: olive, avocado, canola oil
Polyunsaturated (PUFA) - Answer-triglyceride in which most of fatty acids have 2 or
more points of unsaturation
-more than one double bond
-Sources: fish, nuts, seeds
Omega 3 Linolenic - Answer-essential fatty acid
-Benefits: lowers triglycerides, prevents blood clotting, keeps heart beat regular, lowers
blood pressure, defends against inflammation
Omega 6 Linoleum - Answer-Benefits: reducing risk of heart disease, lowering total
cholesterol levels, reducing cancer risk
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) - Answer-one of several omega-3's, decreases
inflammation
-found in salmon
