NSC 101 Exam Questions and Answers
(Graded A+)
Lipid Elements - Answer-Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Lipids are______. This means lipids ______ interact with water. - Answer-Hydrophobic
Do not
3 Types of Lipids - Answer-Tryglycerides 9kcal/g
Phospholipids
Sterols, like cholesterol
Fatty Acid Saturated? - Answer-0 Double bonds
Straight molecules stack on one another
Solid in room Temp
Fatty Acid Unsaturated ? - Answer-1 double bond or more than one double bond
molecules unable to stack
liquid in room temp
Hydrogenate a fat - Answer-Hydrogenation is a reaction that removes double bonds.
This decreases the quality of the fat. Hydrogenated fats are typically found in processed
foods
Omega-3 fatty acid - Answer-Linolenic acid
# carbons 18
# double bonds 3
Fish , krill, flax
Anti-inflammatory
Omega-6 fatty acid - Answer-Linoleic acid
#carbon 18
#double 2
Converted to arachidonic acid
pro-inflammatory
triglyceride - Answer-g Fatty acid 1
l
y
c fatty acid 2
e
r
, o fatty acid 3
l
Saturated Fatty foods - Answer-Butter
Beef
Cheese
milk
Four fat-soluble vitamins - Answer-Vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K. Fat is
required for the proper absorption and/or metabolism of these.
Two ways cholesterol is used by the body - Answer-Precursors for steroid hormones
Increase fluidity of cell membranes
Phospholipids - Answer-Choline:Phosphate:
Glyereol Backbone:
2 Fatty acid chains
Dietary Fats - Answer-Triglyerides
What enzyme does the stomach secrete - Answer-Gastric Lipase
What secretion emulsifies fats in the digestive tract? - Answer-Bile
This secretion has the ability to emulsify fats because it is amphipathic in nature,
meaning it has both a hydrophilic portion that can interact with water and a hydrophobic
portion that can interact with the lipid.
What is a micelle and where would you find it? - Answer-A micelle is a small droplet of
monoglycerides and fatty acids that combine with phospholipids and bile salts. Micelles
are found in the intestinal lumen during digestion just before absorption into intestinal
epithelial cells.
What is a chylomicron and where would you find it? - Answer-Once the fatty acids and
monoglycerides from micelles are absorbed into intestinal cells, they are repackaged by
organelles into chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are lipoproteins (they transport hydrophobic
materials through a hydrophilic environment) that then enter the lymphatic system. They
travel through the lymphatic system until they are dumped into the blood stream at the
vena cava and make their way to the liver for use.
Chylomicrons - Answer-Enter lymphatic system
What are the names of the 3 lipoproteins you should know - Answer-Very low density
lipoprotein (VLDL)
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
High density lipoprotein (HDL)
(Graded A+)
Lipid Elements - Answer-Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Lipids are______. This means lipids ______ interact with water. - Answer-Hydrophobic
Do not
3 Types of Lipids - Answer-Tryglycerides 9kcal/g
Phospholipids
Sterols, like cholesterol
Fatty Acid Saturated? - Answer-0 Double bonds
Straight molecules stack on one another
Solid in room Temp
Fatty Acid Unsaturated ? - Answer-1 double bond or more than one double bond
molecules unable to stack
liquid in room temp
Hydrogenate a fat - Answer-Hydrogenation is a reaction that removes double bonds.
This decreases the quality of the fat. Hydrogenated fats are typically found in processed
foods
Omega-3 fatty acid - Answer-Linolenic acid
# carbons 18
# double bonds 3
Fish , krill, flax
Anti-inflammatory
Omega-6 fatty acid - Answer-Linoleic acid
#carbon 18
#double 2
Converted to arachidonic acid
pro-inflammatory
triglyceride - Answer-g Fatty acid 1
l
y
c fatty acid 2
e
r
, o fatty acid 3
l
Saturated Fatty foods - Answer-Butter
Beef
Cheese
milk
Four fat-soluble vitamins - Answer-Vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K. Fat is
required for the proper absorption and/or metabolism of these.
Two ways cholesterol is used by the body - Answer-Precursors for steroid hormones
Increase fluidity of cell membranes
Phospholipids - Answer-Choline:Phosphate:
Glyereol Backbone:
2 Fatty acid chains
Dietary Fats - Answer-Triglyerides
What enzyme does the stomach secrete - Answer-Gastric Lipase
What secretion emulsifies fats in the digestive tract? - Answer-Bile
This secretion has the ability to emulsify fats because it is amphipathic in nature,
meaning it has both a hydrophilic portion that can interact with water and a hydrophobic
portion that can interact with the lipid.
What is a micelle and where would you find it? - Answer-A micelle is a small droplet of
monoglycerides and fatty acids that combine with phospholipids and bile salts. Micelles
are found in the intestinal lumen during digestion just before absorption into intestinal
epithelial cells.
What is a chylomicron and where would you find it? - Answer-Once the fatty acids and
monoglycerides from micelles are absorbed into intestinal cells, they are repackaged by
organelles into chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are lipoproteins (they transport hydrophobic
materials through a hydrophilic environment) that then enter the lymphatic system. They
travel through the lymphatic system until they are dumped into the blood stream at the
vena cava and make their way to the liver for use.
Chylomicrons - Answer-Enter lymphatic system
What are the names of the 3 lipoproteins you should know - Answer-Very low density
lipoprotein (VLDL)
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
High density lipoprotein (HDL)
