MODULE 1
Apply object-oriented programming paradigms to
develop simple JAVA applications.
• Broadly the computer language can be classified into three categories
1.Assembly language
2. Machine language
3.High-level language
• Assembly Languages The assembly language is considered a low-level language for
microprocessors and many other programmable devices.
• The machine language is sometimes referred to as machine code or object code
which is set of binary digits 0 and 1. These binary digits are understood and read by a
computer system easily.
• The development of high-level language was done when the programmers face the
issue in writing programs as the older language has portability issues which mean the
code written in one machine cannot be transferred to other machines.
High-level language
• The high-level language is easy to understand and the code can be written easily
• Programs written are user-friendly in a high-level language.
• The other advantage of code written in a high-level language is the code is
independent of a computer system which means the code can be transferred to other
machines.
Object Oriented Language
• OOP is one of the high-level programming languages in which a program is divided
into objects.
• Using objects, the programmer can model real-world scenarios.
• An object is an instance of a class and has state and behavior.
• The state is the attributes, or data, whereas behavior is called a method.
• Languages: C++, Java, Python, PHP
OOP CONCEPTS/ CHARACTERISTICS OF OOP
• Objects:
*Any entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. For example, a chair, pen,
table, keyboard,
bike, etc. It can be physical or logical.
*An Object can be defined as an instance of a class.
,Example: A dog is an object because it has states like color, name, breed, etc. as well as
behaviors like
wagging the tail, barking, eating, etc.
• Classes:
*Class defines properties of objects linked to it
*Collection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity.
*A class can also be defined as a blueprint from which you can create an individual object.
Class doesn't consume any space.
• Abstraction:
*Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction.
*For example phone call, we don't know the internal processing.
*In Java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction.
• Inheritance:
*When one object used all the properties and behaviors of an existing object, it is known as
inheritance.
*It provides code reusability.
* It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism..
• Encapsulation:
* Data is secured with encapsulation, and binds the attributes and methods together.
*Data is secured with encapsulation,and binds the attributes and methods together.
*Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit are known as encapsulation.
*For example, a capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines.
• Polymorphism:
* With polymorphism, an object can function in multiple ways, or the ability to take more
than one form.
*Polymorphism is characterized by the phrase “One interface, multiple methods”.
, * Examples: Method overloading and method overriding.
• Dynamic binding:
*Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to the
call.
*Dynamic binding means that the code associated with a given procedure call is not known
until the time of the call at run time.
* It is associated with polymorphism and inheritance.
Message passing
*A message for an object is a request for execution of a procedure, and therefore will invoke
a function in the receiving object that generates the desired result.
*Message passing involves specifying the name of the object, the name of the function
(message) and the information to be sent.
FEATURES OF JAVA
*Java is a Object Oriented Programming Language (OOPL).
*It is not pure OOPL because it supports primitive data types like int,float,char etc.; these are
not objects.
*Primary objective of Java was to make it portable, simple and secure programming language.
* “code once use everywhere”.
* The features of Java are also known as Java buzzwords.
* Important features of the Java language are
I)Simple
*Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean and easy to understand.
II)Object-oriented
*Java is an object-oriented programming language. Everything in Java is an object.
Apply object-oriented programming paradigms to
develop simple JAVA applications.
• Broadly the computer language can be classified into three categories
1.Assembly language
2. Machine language
3.High-level language
• Assembly Languages The assembly language is considered a low-level language for
microprocessors and many other programmable devices.
• The machine language is sometimes referred to as machine code or object code
which is set of binary digits 0 and 1. These binary digits are understood and read by a
computer system easily.
• The development of high-level language was done when the programmers face the
issue in writing programs as the older language has portability issues which mean the
code written in one machine cannot be transferred to other machines.
High-level language
• The high-level language is easy to understand and the code can be written easily
• Programs written are user-friendly in a high-level language.
• The other advantage of code written in a high-level language is the code is
independent of a computer system which means the code can be transferred to other
machines.
Object Oriented Language
• OOP is one of the high-level programming languages in which a program is divided
into objects.
• Using objects, the programmer can model real-world scenarios.
• An object is an instance of a class and has state and behavior.
• The state is the attributes, or data, whereas behavior is called a method.
• Languages: C++, Java, Python, PHP
OOP CONCEPTS/ CHARACTERISTICS OF OOP
• Objects:
*Any entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. For example, a chair, pen,
table, keyboard,
bike, etc. It can be physical or logical.
*An Object can be defined as an instance of a class.
,Example: A dog is an object because it has states like color, name, breed, etc. as well as
behaviors like
wagging the tail, barking, eating, etc.
• Classes:
*Class defines properties of objects linked to it
*Collection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity.
*A class can also be defined as a blueprint from which you can create an individual object.
Class doesn't consume any space.
• Abstraction:
*Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction.
*For example phone call, we don't know the internal processing.
*In Java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction.
• Inheritance:
*When one object used all the properties and behaviors of an existing object, it is known as
inheritance.
*It provides code reusability.
* It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism..
• Encapsulation:
* Data is secured with encapsulation, and binds the attributes and methods together.
*Data is secured with encapsulation,and binds the attributes and methods together.
*Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit are known as encapsulation.
*For example, a capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines.
• Polymorphism:
* With polymorphism, an object can function in multiple ways, or the ability to take more
than one form.
*Polymorphism is characterized by the phrase “One interface, multiple methods”.
, * Examples: Method overloading and method overriding.
• Dynamic binding:
*Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to the
call.
*Dynamic binding means that the code associated with a given procedure call is not known
until the time of the call at run time.
* It is associated with polymorphism and inheritance.
Message passing
*A message for an object is a request for execution of a procedure, and therefore will invoke
a function in the receiving object that generates the desired result.
*Message passing involves specifying the name of the object, the name of the function
(message) and the information to be sent.
FEATURES OF JAVA
*Java is a Object Oriented Programming Language (OOPL).
*It is not pure OOPL because it supports primitive data types like int,float,char etc.; these are
not objects.
*Primary objective of Java was to make it portable, simple and secure programming language.
* “code once use everywhere”.
* The features of Java are also known as Java buzzwords.
* Important features of the Java language are
I)Simple
*Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean and easy to understand.
II)Object-oriented
*Java is an object-oriented programming language. Everything in Java is an object.
