AP Gov Unit 1- Foundations of American Democracy study practice 2024/2025.

Participatory Democracy - Answersemphasizes broad participation in politics and civil society Pluralist Democracy - Answersrecognizes group-based activism by nongovernmental interests striving for impact on political decision making Elite Democracy - Answersdecisions are made by elected representatives acting as trustees Direct Democracy - Answerspeople rule by majority Republic - Answersa government in which elected representatives make the decisions Democratic Republic - Answerspeople's voices are heard through those they elect to represent them Elite Democracy Theory - Answersthe idea that a small group of "ruling elite" manipulate society and government to benefit themselves Pluralist Theory - Answersthe idea that many groups try to pressure voters and elected officials Pluralism - Answerscompeting groups negotiate and compromise, eventually reaching agreement Hyperpluralism - Answerscompeting groups pull the government in different directions, resulting in gridlock Divine Right - AnswersThe belief that a ruler's power comes from God Natural Rights Philosophy - Answersthe main purpose of government is to protect individual rights as they would be in a state of nature Social Contract - Answersan unofficial agreement shared by everyone in a society in which they give up some freedom for security Sovereignty - Answersultimate governing authority Popular Sovereignty - Answersthe idea that the government's authority comes from the people Separation of Powers - Answersprinciple by which the powers of government are divided among separate branches Confederation - Answersform of political organization in which sovereign states delegate power to a central government Delegated Powers - AnswersPowers specifically given to the federal government as written in the Constitution Enumerated Powers - AnswersPowers specifically given to the federal government as written in the Constitution Implied Powers - Answerspowers that the government requires to carry out the expressed constitutional powers Concurrent Powers - Answerspowers shared by the state and federal governments Bicameral - Answersmade up of two houses Federalism - Answersa system in which power is divided between the national and state governments Deliberative Body - Answersan assembly of people for the purpose of unhurried consideration and discussion Judicial Review - Answersthe power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action Extradition - Answersreturn of a fugitive from one state to the state from which he fled Ex Post Facto - Answerslaw that punishes actions that took place before the law was approved Bill of Attainder - Answersan act of a legislature that declares a person, without a trial, to be guilty of a crime Jurisdiction - Answersa court's authority to hear and decide cases Habeas Corpus - Answersthe right not to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime Revenue - Answersmoney that a government collects Faction - Answersa group of people with a common interest who deny other people their rights Formal Amendment - Answerschanges or additions that become part of the written language of the constitution itself Informal Amendment - Answerschanges to the constitution without changes to its written words Fiscal Federalism - Answersthe federal government using money (grants) to influence & control states. Interstate - Answersbetween states Intrastate - Answerswithin a state Commerce - Answersbuying and selling of goods; trade Public Policy - Answersthe course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem Impeachment - Answersa formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office Federalist - Answerspeople who supported ratification of the Constitution. Anti Federalist - Answerspeople who opposed the ratification of the Constitution as it was Ratify - Answersto vote approval of Legislation - Answersthe act of making laws Checks and balances - Answersshared and separated powers to prevent one branch of government from becoming too powerful Separation of powers - Answersdivides the federal government into three branches, with each branch having its own duties