FISDAP READINESS Exam Prep
Question Bank
Where are Beta 1 receptors found?
Heart and Kidneys
Stimulation of Beta 1 receptors result in an increase of what?
Heart: Inotropy, Chronotropy, Dromotropy
Kidneys: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System = Vasoconstriction = Increase blood
pressure
Which node is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right
atrium, is typically supplied by the Right Coronary artery, and fires at a rate of 60-
100 bpm.
SA Node
Atrial depolarization characterized by smooth, round, upright deflection less than
0.11 secs long and less than 2.5mm tall is referred to as what on the ECG?
P wave
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Metropolol (Lopressor)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Acebutolol (Sectral)
Comolol (Brevibloc)
Beta Blockers - used for blood pressure and cardiac problems
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Vasopressin
Dopamine
Phenylephrine
Dobutamine
Vasopressors
The middle of phase 3 to beginning of phase 4 in the cardiac cycle where cardiac
cells are partially refractory and partially repolarized and certain cells can be
depolarized in response to electrical stimulus.
Relative Refractory Period
(Partial flush of the toilet)
Treatment for Beta Blocker Overdose
Glucagon: 1-5mg IV/IO (1st Line Drug)
Calcium Chloride: 500mg - 1g IV/IO
Swelling of affected limb, pain and tenderness, inflammation/redness, warm to
touch on affected limb, pain on dorsiflexion (Homan Sign) are all signs of?
,DVT
Treatment of DVT
Supportive Care, Position of Comfort, Establish IV, Cardiac Monitor, Pulse Ox, O2,
Monitor vitals for embolism.
Do not massage affected limb.
The pressure gradient that drives coronary blood pressure.
The difference between aortic diastolic pressure and left ventricular end diastolic
pressure that perfuses the coronary arteries.
Coronary Perfusion
Tachycardia, Difficulty Breathing, Diminished Lung Sound, Pulse Quality
Changes, and unequal chest rise are early signs and symptoms of?
Tension Pneumothorax
Air is entering the pleural space but cannot escape. Positive pressure ventilation can
make it worse.
Criteria for Unstable Dysrhythmia
Ischemic Chest Pain
ALOC
Hypotension/Hypovolemia
Signs of Shock
Acute Heart Failure
Restriction of of cardiac contraction, falling cardiac output, and shock as a result
of pericardial fluid accumulation are characteristics of?
Cardiac Tamponade
Hypotension, SOB, Lightheadedness, Chest Pain, Syncope, Palpitations,
Extremity Swelling, and Muffled heart sounds are signs and symptoms of?
Cardiac Tamponade
Indications for Dopamine
Cardiogenic Shock
Distributive Shock after fluids
Hemodynamically significant Hypotension
Symptomatic Brady (2nd Line drug)
AHA Guidlines for Terminating CPR efforts in field(4)
Arrest was not witnessed
No bystander CPR was administered
ROSC was not achieved after complete
ALS care in the field
No shocks were administered
Time frame that starts at the patient contact by EMS and ends with definitive
therapy of catheter passing through lesion of coronary vessel.
EMS-to-Balloon-Time
,Time from patient entering ED to catheter passing through lesion of coronary
vessel.
Door-to-balloon-time
Time from patient entering ED to fibrinolytic therapy administration.
Door-to-needle-time
Time frame for door-to-balloon
<90mins
Time frame for door-to-needle
<30mins
Principle symptom of Coronary Artery Disease or Acute Coronary Syndrome that
occurs when supply of O2 is to the myocardium is insufficient to meet demand
and cells become ischemic?
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain that occurs at rest and is caused by coronary artery vasospasm? Risk
for Dysrhythmia, MI, Heart Block and Death
Prinzmetal Angina (PA)
Which electrolyte flows into cardiac cells to initiate depolarization?
Sodium (Na+)
Which electrolyte flows out of cardiac cells to to initiate repolarization?
Potassium (K+)
Which electrolyte plays a major role in depolarization of pacemaker cells to
maintain depolarization and myocardial contractility?
Calcium (Ca++)
Which electrolyte stabilizes cell membrane and acts in concert with K+ and
opposes actions of Ca++?
Magnesium (Mg++)
Hypokalemia results in?
increased myocardial irritability
Hyperkalemia results in?
decreased automaticity/conduction
Hypocalcemia results in?
decreased contractility and increased irritability
Hypercalcemia results in?
Increased contractility
Hypomagnesemia results in?
decreased conduction
Hypermagnesemia results in?
increased myocardial irritability
Four properties of the Cardiac Conduction System
Excitability - cells respond to electrical impulse
Conductivity - cells pass impulse to one another
Automaticity - hearts ability to generate its own electrical impulse
Contractility - hearts ability to contract when stimulated
, Affects of RCA occlusion in terms of the SA node ischemia?
SA node becomes ischemic = slower firing rate (<60-100) or cease fire completely
causing another automaticity foci to take over such as AV (40-60) or Purkinje (20-40).
Which electrolytes are responsible for depolarization?
Sodium and Calcium influx
Which electrolyte is responsible for repolarization?
Potassium outflow
Indications for CPAP (5)
Alert and able to follow commands
Moderate to Severe Respiratory Distress
Hyperventilation
SpO2 <90%
Systolic >90mmHg
Contraindications for CPAP (8)
Respiratory Arrest
Hypoventilation
ALOC
Chest Trauma/Pneumo
Tracheostomy
GI bleed or Vomiting
Inability to fit CPAP
Excessive Facial Hair/Dysmorphic features
During what phase of circulation do coronary arteries receive blood?
Diastolic
Coronary circulation begins from aorta at the?
Right and Left Coronary Arteries
The right coronary artery has how many branches and supplies blood to where?
9
Right Atrium, SA/AV node, and Right Ventricle
Inferior Left Ventricle
Left Coronary Artery is the largest and shortest coronary vessel. It divides into
what and supplies blood to where?
Left Anterior Descending and Circumflex Coronary arteries.
Left Ventricle, Septum, and at times the AV node and atria.
Epinephrine MOA (4) and Dose
Beta 1 = Inotropy, Chronotropy, Dromotropy
Alpha 1 = Vasoconstriction = Increased aortic diastolic pressure
Beta 2 = Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation = Bronchodilation
Adequately perfused kidneys produce how many mLs of urine per hour?
30-50mL
Tachycardia with irregular pulse, labored breathing with diffuse crackles/rales in
all lung fields, pale/cool/diaphoretic skins, and low blood pressure are signs of
what type of shock?
Question Bank
Where are Beta 1 receptors found?
Heart and Kidneys
Stimulation of Beta 1 receptors result in an increase of what?
Heart: Inotropy, Chronotropy, Dromotropy
Kidneys: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System = Vasoconstriction = Increase blood
pressure
Which node is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right
atrium, is typically supplied by the Right Coronary artery, and fires at a rate of 60-
100 bpm.
SA Node
Atrial depolarization characterized by smooth, round, upright deflection less than
0.11 secs long and less than 2.5mm tall is referred to as what on the ECG?
P wave
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Metropolol (Lopressor)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Acebutolol (Sectral)
Comolol (Brevibloc)
Beta Blockers - used for blood pressure and cardiac problems
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Vasopressin
Dopamine
Phenylephrine
Dobutamine
Vasopressors
The middle of phase 3 to beginning of phase 4 in the cardiac cycle where cardiac
cells are partially refractory and partially repolarized and certain cells can be
depolarized in response to electrical stimulus.
Relative Refractory Period
(Partial flush of the toilet)
Treatment for Beta Blocker Overdose
Glucagon: 1-5mg IV/IO (1st Line Drug)
Calcium Chloride: 500mg - 1g IV/IO
Swelling of affected limb, pain and tenderness, inflammation/redness, warm to
touch on affected limb, pain on dorsiflexion (Homan Sign) are all signs of?
,DVT
Treatment of DVT
Supportive Care, Position of Comfort, Establish IV, Cardiac Monitor, Pulse Ox, O2,
Monitor vitals for embolism.
Do not massage affected limb.
The pressure gradient that drives coronary blood pressure.
The difference between aortic diastolic pressure and left ventricular end diastolic
pressure that perfuses the coronary arteries.
Coronary Perfusion
Tachycardia, Difficulty Breathing, Diminished Lung Sound, Pulse Quality
Changes, and unequal chest rise are early signs and symptoms of?
Tension Pneumothorax
Air is entering the pleural space but cannot escape. Positive pressure ventilation can
make it worse.
Criteria for Unstable Dysrhythmia
Ischemic Chest Pain
ALOC
Hypotension/Hypovolemia
Signs of Shock
Acute Heart Failure
Restriction of of cardiac contraction, falling cardiac output, and shock as a result
of pericardial fluid accumulation are characteristics of?
Cardiac Tamponade
Hypotension, SOB, Lightheadedness, Chest Pain, Syncope, Palpitations,
Extremity Swelling, and Muffled heart sounds are signs and symptoms of?
Cardiac Tamponade
Indications for Dopamine
Cardiogenic Shock
Distributive Shock after fluids
Hemodynamically significant Hypotension
Symptomatic Brady (2nd Line drug)
AHA Guidlines for Terminating CPR efforts in field(4)
Arrest was not witnessed
No bystander CPR was administered
ROSC was not achieved after complete
ALS care in the field
No shocks were administered
Time frame that starts at the patient contact by EMS and ends with definitive
therapy of catheter passing through lesion of coronary vessel.
EMS-to-Balloon-Time
,Time from patient entering ED to catheter passing through lesion of coronary
vessel.
Door-to-balloon-time
Time from patient entering ED to fibrinolytic therapy administration.
Door-to-needle-time
Time frame for door-to-balloon
<90mins
Time frame for door-to-needle
<30mins
Principle symptom of Coronary Artery Disease or Acute Coronary Syndrome that
occurs when supply of O2 is to the myocardium is insufficient to meet demand
and cells become ischemic?
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain that occurs at rest and is caused by coronary artery vasospasm? Risk
for Dysrhythmia, MI, Heart Block and Death
Prinzmetal Angina (PA)
Which electrolyte flows into cardiac cells to initiate depolarization?
Sodium (Na+)
Which electrolyte flows out of cardiac cells to to initiate repolarization?
Potassium (K+)
Which electrolyte plays a major role in depolarization of pacemaker cells to
maintain depolarization and myocardial contractility?
Calcium (Ca++)
Which electrolyte stabilizes cell membrane and acts in concert with K+ and
opposes actions of Ca++?
Magnesium (Mg++)
Hypokalemia results in?
increased myocardial irritability
Hyperkalemia results in?
decreased automaticity/conduction
Hypocalcemia results in?
decreased contractility and increased irritability
Hypercalcemia results in?
Increased contractility
Hypomagnesemia results in?
decreased conduction
Hypermagnesemia results in?
increased myocardial irritability
Four properties of the Cardiac Conduction System
Excitability - cells respond to electrical impulse
Conductivity - cells pass impulse to one another
Automaticity - hearts ability to generate its own electrical impulse
Contractility - hearts ability to contract when stimulated
, Affects of RCA occlusion in terms of the SA node ischemia?
SA node becomes ischemic = slower firing rate (<60-100) or cease fire completely
causing another automaticity foci to take over such as AV (40-60) or Purkinje (20-40).
Which electrolytes are responsible for depolarization?
Sodium and Calcium influx
Which electrolyte is responsible for repolarization?
Potassium outflow
Indications for CPAP (5)
Alert and able to follow commands
Moderate to Severe Respiratory Distress
Hyperventilation
SpO2 <90%
Systolic >90mmHg
Contraindications for CPAP (8)
Respiratory Arrest
Hypoventilation
ALOC
Chest Trauma/Pneumo
Tracheostomy
GI bleed or Vomiting
Inability to fit CPAP
Excessive Facial Hair/Dysmorphic features
During what phase of circulation do coronary arteries receive blood?
Diastolic
Coronary circulation begins from aorta at the?
Right and Left Coronary Arteries
The right coronary artery has how many branches and supplies blood to where?
9
Right Atrium, SA/AV node, and Right Ventricle
Inferior Left Ventricle
Left Coronary Artery is the largest and shortest coronary vessel. It divides into
what and supplies blood to where?
Left Anterior Descending and Circumflex Coronary arteries.
Left Ventricle, Septum, and at times the AV node and atria.
Epinephrine MOA (4) and Dose
Beta 1 = Inotropy, Chronotropy, Dromotropy
Alpha 1 = Vasoconstriction = Increased aortic diastolic pressure
Beta 2 = Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation = Bronchodilation
Adequately perfused kidneys produce how many mLs of urine per hour?
30-50mL
Tachycardia with irregular pulse, labored breathing with diffuse crackles/rales in
all lung fields, pale/cool/diaphoretic skins, and low blood pressure are signs of
what type of shock?
