C963, WGU C963 - Amendments, C963 WGU American Politics and the US Constitution C963 (ANSWERED) 100% CORRECT

C963, WGU C963 - Amendments, C963 WGU American Politics and the US Constitution C963 (ANSWERED) 100% CORRECT implied power (definition) the powers not specifically detailed in the U.S. Constitution but inferred as necessary to achieve the objectives of the national government. enumerated powers (definition) The powers given explicitly to the federal government by the Constitution (Article I, Section 8); power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, raise and support armies, declare war, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs. inherent powers (definition) the powers neither enumerated nor implied but assumed to exist as a direct result of the country's existence Powers of the Legislative Branch tax citizens, set the budget, regulate commerce, declare war, provide advice and consent on appointments, impeach individuals, oversee the powers of the judicial and executive branches Implied Congressional powers oversee branches of government Enumerated Congressional powers the power to levy and collect taxes, declare war, raise an army and navy, coin money, borrow money, regulate commerce among the states and with foreign nations, establish federal courts and bankruptcy rules, establish rules for immigration and naturalization, and issue patents and copyrights Inherited Congressional Powers the power to control borders of the state, the power to expand the territory of the state, and the power to defend itself from internal revolution or coups Ways the legislative branch engages in checks and balances with other branches advice and consent, impeachment, and oversight Congress exercising its power under the Commerce Clause Regulate commerce, set minimum wages, prohibiting discrimination in workforce How a bill becomes a law 1) The bill is introduced and given to the appropriate standing committee. 2) The bill is sent to the Rules Committee. 3) The bill is debated in the House of Representatives and Senate with the possibility of a filibuster in the Senate. 4) The bill is voted upon by the House of Representatives and the Senate. 5) The bill is sent to the conference committee to form one unified bill. 6) The unified bill is sent back to the House of Representatives and Senate to be voted upon. 7) The bill goes to the president for signature or veto. If vetoed, Congress has the ability to override the veto. legislation process ????? standing committee permanent committees that exist from session to session for the purpose of researching, writing, and introducing proposed pieces of legislation select committee temporary committees established to investigate a particular issues or policy area not covered by a standing committee. joint committee Committees that have both members of the House of Representatives and the Senate serving and working together. conference committee a type of joint committee whose job it is to form one unified bill from of different versions of the same piece of legislation passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate to be sent to the President Reapportionment the reallocation of seats in the House or Representatives based on changes in a state's population since the last census redistricting the re-drawing of electoral districts to accommodate for changes in a state's population based on the last census. The goal is to create districts that are equal in population gerrymandering the illegal re-drawing of electoral districts to provide an unfair electoral advantage based on political party or race. census a population count. The United States completes a census every 10 years. Importance of Census determines state's seats for congress, state's number of votes for electoral college Miller v. Johnson (1995) the Supreme Court ruled that, under the Constitution's Equal Protection Clause, race could not be the "dominant and controlling" motivation for drawing congressional districts. Term limits for president 2 terms, four years each Duties of the President enforce laws; commander of military; foreign affairs; negotiate treaties; nominate cabinet and justices; review and sign or veto bills; issue pardons; address Congress yearly (State of the Union Address) Impeachment Process 1. House passes articles of impeachment by majority 2. Senate tries and 2/3 must convict Evolution of Presidency 1) Established at 1787 Constitutional Convention 2) Electoral College created 3) Presidential duties outlined in Constitution 4) Impeachment built into Constitution 5) 12th Amendment (pairs presidential candidate with running mate on ticket) 6) Congress puts Executive branch in charge of forming budget 7) 22nd Amendment (limits president to 2 four year terms) powers of the president power of pardon, removal, executive orders, appointing federal judges, signing statements, commander-in-chief, executive agreements, persuade and drive public opinion through public means, negotiate executive order used by president Used to achieve policy goals, provide direction to government agencies and deal with routine matters, presidents use order to sometimes get their way when Congress doesn't agree Translations from president to new president Must create new cabinet, first 100 days, deals with outgoing president's budgets recess appointment an appointment by the President of a federal official when the U.S. Senate is in recess Evolution of Judiciary 1787-Federal judiciary is born, Article III of the Constitution outlines Supreme Court powers 1789-Judiciary Act-Laid out structure 1803- Marbury v. Madison developed judicial review originial jurisdiction the power of a court to hear a case first appellate jurisdiction The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts Marbury v. Madison This case involved the Judiciary Act of 1789. The Supreme Court declared that the law conflicted with the U.S. Constitution, and the case established the principle of JUDICIAL REVIEW wherein the Supreme Court has the power to declare laws passed by Congress and signed by the president to be unconstitutional. McCulloch v. Maryland Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law stare decisis to let the decision stand Strict Interpretation based on the idea that the national government can only do those things which are specifically mentioned in the Constitution Loose Interpretation based in the idea that the Constitution gives the government the power to undertake various activities, and the ways that those goals are achieved can include many different methods judicial activism An interpretation of the U.S. constitution holding that the spirit of the times and the needs of the nation can legitimately influence judicial decisions (particularly decisions of the Supreme Court) 1st Amendment (1791) Freedom of religion, assembly, press, petition, and speech