PSYC 4220 Final Exam 2024 with 100% Solved Solutions

one of the issues that is critical especially in designing studies for developmental investigations is - change changes during development that are orderly, patterned, and enduring are described as - systematic the continuities of development are aspects that - remain stable over time or reflect the past two important processes that underline developmental changes are - maturation and learning in the first week after hatchout, chicks improve their accuracy of pecking for seeds, regardless of their visual experience. this refelcts development from - maturation suppose researchers found that the average American baby begins to stand by itself at the age of ten months. this finding is related to ______ development - normative the strength of a ________ research design is that is selects participants of different cohorts and follows each cohort over time - sequential generational differences in child-rearing practices suggest that researchers must pay attention to - historical context _______ research design can provide information about development changes in behavior over a short period of time (e.g. changes in a day/week) - microgenetic Rita's parents are concerned about the fact that she is not speaking as well as her older brother did when he was 2 years old. At a visit to the doctor, Rita's parents learn that her speech delay is likely due to her frequent ear infections, which have, at time impaired her hearing. this is an example of the concept of ? - holistic development suppose that the plasticity principal did not apply to development, if this were true, it would imply that - children who grew up in terrible circumstances would suffer inevitably from their deficiencies the study of cohort effects recognizes the importance of ____ on development - historical context an example of maturational change would be - disappearance of an infant reflex at a predictable age for Bendura's cognitive social-learning theory, which of these is not among the necessary steps for behavioral imitation of an observed models actions? - the model must do positive, socially approved actions behaviorism and its learning viewpoint assert that - development is totally flexible and is influenced by the child's experiences subsequent researchers found that piaget tended to ______ the intellectual abilities of children at each age level - underestimate watsons behavioral learning viewpoint presents development as a(n) _____ process - continuous a child feels guilty because she bought a cheap toy as a birthday gift for a friend so that she could use all the remaining money to buy a toy for herself. psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud would claim that her guilty feelings - arise from the superego children who witness domestic violence at home are more likely than others to become abusive adults later. This outcome is best understood in terms of _____ theory - bandura's cognitive social-learning modern evolutionary theorists view the relatively long developmental process of human beings as - a necessary evolutionary adaptation proponents of modern evolutionary theory argue that preselected, adaptive motives and behaviors are those that - ensure the survival and spread of the individuals genes discovery based educational programs were inspired by the development theory of - swiss cognitive developmentalist Jean Piaget as contrasted with other theories, learning theories share an advantage by - generating precise and testable predictions a primary assumption of the ethological viewpoint is that - members of a species share a number of adaptive behaviors that are the products of evolution bullies at a school pick on and tease smaller classmates, while the teased children's whining/pleading behavior encourages further teasing. This illustrates a principal called - reciprocal determinism during the first 4 days following conception, the structure of 60 to 80 undifferentiated cells is called the - blastocyst the period of the embryo occurs during the ______ weeks of pregnancy - 3rd through 8th at the end of the ______, all the major structures of the human are formed. - embryonic period most of the sensitive periods for teratogenic injuries occur during the _____ period - embryonic