McMaster BIO 1M03 PRACTICE TEST Questions and Answers Latest 2024/2024 | All Correct Actual Exam

McMaster BIO 1M03 PRACTICE TEST Questions and ANSWERS 2024/2024 | All Correct Actual Exam. Which of the following is true regarding the utility of teeth for studying evolution? A) Teeth are often sexually dimorphic but do not preserve well in the fossil record B) Teeth have morphological characteristics that can inform scientists about the diet of the species from which they are derived, but they tend to not exhibit sexual dimorphism C) Teeth have morphological characteristics that that can inform scientists about the size of the brain of the species from which they are derived. D) Teeth have a well characterized developmental sequence that allows inferences about the age of the individual from which they are derived. 3. Which of the following statements (A, B, or C) is not accurate with respect to extant apes (hominoids)? Please select (D) if A, B, and C are accurate. A) Orangutans have a mostly monogamous social system. B) Bonobos have a social system characterized by a female dominance hierarchy C) Gibbon a e ape fom he Old Wold , hich inclde Afica and Aia. D) All of the above are accurate 4. Consider the evolutionary relationships among orangutans, gibbons, and bonobos that we discussed many times in class. Given these relationships, do you expect more DNA divergence between orangutans and gibbons or between orangutans and bonobos? A) More divergence between orangutans and gibbons B) More divergence between orangutans and bonobos. C) The level of divergence in each of these two comparisons should be the same. D) Impossible to say without more information 5. Which of the following features is not accurate with respect to the evolution bipedalism in hominins? A) This advancement was preceded by the evolution of suspensory locomotion in a hominin ancestor B) This advancement was associated with a movement over evolutionary time of the foramen magnum C) This advancement was associated with vertical alignment of the tibia and femur. D) This advancement was associated with a decrease in arm length relative to overall height 6. Which of the following is not a key feature of primate societies in which hunting for meat occurs? A) Sharing, with the youngest members of a group generally eating first B) Cooperation, with multiple individuals involved in most hunts C) Communication D) Omnivory, with non-meat food sources also included in the diet McMaster BIO 1M03 PRACTICE TEST Questions and ANSWERS 2024/2024 | All Correct Actual Exam Page 2 of 9 7. Which of the following populations of modern humans experienced, on average, the highest level of genetic exchange with Neanderthals and Denisovans? A) Russians B) Nigerians C) Native American Indians D) Papua New Guinean (i.e., Melanesian) E) All of these populations experienced about the same level of gene flow with Neanderthals and Denisovans. 8. Which of the following is true about stone tool use by early hominins A)There was a progression of technologies wherein simpler tools were eventually replaced by more sophisticated tools B) Stone tool use of H. ergaster suggests more advanced cognitive capacity than H. erectus C) Stone tool use in Africa was less sophisticated than in East Asia D)Australopithecus afarensis must have used stone tools because this species was the only hominin that existed ~3 million years ago. 9. Which of the characteristics listed below suggest that Neanderthals were more physiologically adapted to cold climates compared to most human populations? A)Long femur length compared to tibia length B) Large cranial capacity C) Neanderthals are known only from western Eurasia D) Neanderthals were meat eaters 10. Which of the following statements is true regarding the genetic evidence for gene flow between modern humans and Neanderthals? A)The nuclear genome provides evidence for a higher level of gene flow between African modern humans and Neanderthals compared to between non-African modern humans and Neanderthals B) The subset of modern humans that have evidence of gene flow with Neanderthals have similar phenotypic consequences as a result of the Neanderthal DNA in their genomes. C) The regions of the genome that were transmitted to modern humans from Neanderthals had no functional consequence D)The mitochondrial genome of humans provides no evidence for gene flow between modern humans and Neanderthals. 11. Why do male redback spiders summersault into the jaws of a female? A) The do hi b acciden a he a emp o eal pe fom he female eb. B) They do this to increase sperm transfer since they will be unlikely to find another mate during their short lifespan. C) They do this to help the female to survive under conditions of low food availability. D) They do this as a distraction display to prevent predators from attacking their mate. E) C and D are correct Page 3 of 9 12. A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many places. Male cats are attracted to the urine deposits. Which of the following is a proximate cause of this increased urination? A) It announces to the males that she is in heat. B) Female cats that did this in the past attracted more males. C) It is a result of hormonal changes associated with her reproductive cycle. D) The female cat learned the behavior from observing other cats. E) The cat drinks more water during these periods to avoid possible dehydration. 13. A change in a e age beha ioal phenope in each of he elec ion line in Ton elec ion e pe imen involving rats learning a maze means that: A) he hpohe i ha hee i a gene ic componen i falified B) he hpohe i ha hee i a lea ned componen i falified. C) he change i gene icall ba ed. D) he poficienc o lea n a mae i ic l lea ned. E) C and D are correct. 14. Feeding behavior with the highest energy intake-to-expenditure ratio is called _____. A) herbivory B) autotrophy C) heterotrophy D) search scavenging E) optimal foraging 15. Differences in migratory behaviour between hand-raised blackcaps from parents that have overwintered in England (since 1950), and those taken from nests in South West Germany (overwintering in Spain) and handraised: A) Show that migration direction is learned B) Show that migration direction has no genetic component C) Show a lack of evolutionary influence on migration D) Show that microevolution of migration has occurred. E) B and D are correct. 16. Which of the following studies supports the idea that learned behaviours are constrained by genetic traits? A) Deprivation experiments in which hand raised squirrels are exposed to nuts for the first time. B) Taste aversion experiments with fruit bats, insectivorous bats and vampire bats. C) Aociaie lea ning (cla ical condiioning) of Pa lo dog, hich lea ned o aociae a ligh o a sound with food. D) Ga cia e pe imen hoing ha rats easily learn to associate nausea with a taste, but not with a sound. E) B and D are correct. Page 4 of 9 17. Galef and Ratcliff showed that a neural substrate for rapid learning of taste aversion was not maintained by stabilizing selection in Vampire bats. Their experiment suggests that: A) learning in bats is not genetically constrained. B) genetically based behaviours can be influenced by learning C) evolution shapes learning D) vampire bats cannot taste citric acid or cinnamon E) blood feeding does not require much cognitive capacity. 18. The idea of al im in animal i ofen e plained a : A) an adaptation to increase the survival of the species B) a common mistake seen in many animals C) an attempt to preserve the environment for population survival D) an adaptation that evolves through indirect fitness benefits E) an attribute attributable only to humans and bats 19. What is the coefficient of relatedness (r) between a woman and her nephew (the son of her brother or sister)? A) 0.25 B) 0.5 C) 0.125 D) 0.0625 E) None of the above 20. Which of the following is unnecessary to maintain an evolved system of reciprocal altruism? A) Individual recognition B) Br C C) Long-term association D) Ability to detect and punish cheaters E) All of the above are necessary 21. What human feature has not promoted the evolution of our large brain? A) Cooking with fire B) A reduced digestive system C) Complex foraging D) Long forelimbs E) Eating meat Page 5 of 9 22. Human interbirth interval is: A) Shorter than expected in comparison with other great apes B) Longer than expected in comparison with other great apes C) The same as one would expect in comparison with other great apes D) Short because of a shorter developmental period E) None of the above. 23. Comparing between two species, the finding that the NS/S ratio (nonsynonymous over synonymous) of a gene is 1 suggests: A) The gene is not conserved B) The gene is under stabilizing selection C) The gene is under directional selection D) The gene is favoured by indirect fitness E) The gene is neutral 24. The finding that HAR1 has changed rapidly since human ancestors diverged from their most recent ancestor with chimpanzees ___________________. A) suggests a mutational shortcoming in the genus Homo B) suggests the possibility of an important and novel regulatory function in humans C) is not important since this region does not code for a protein D) Must be a region that controls brain development E) Is due to the conserved nature of the region of DNA. 25. Deleterious alleles (lethal recessives) can remain at low frequencies in populations because A) mutation can alter the allele to decrease its lethality. B) most individuals who carry the gene are heterozygous and do not suffer consequences of having two copies of the gene. C) heterozygotes most often pass on the dominant allele. D) many, but not all, homozygous recessive individuals die. E) They only exist as recent mutations.