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Parts of the medical history include: - answer 1. chief complaint 2. history of present illness (HPI) 3. past, family and social history (PFSH) 4. review of systems (ROS) Define chief complaint - answer what brings the patient in to see the physician Define history of present illness (HPI) - answer explanation of the chief complaint to determine: 1. onset of illness 2. associated symptoms 3. what the patient has done to treat the illness Define past medical history - answer 1. all health problems 2. major illnesses 3. surgeries 4. current medications complete with reasons for taking them 5. allergies Define family history - answer summary of health problems of siblings, parents and other blood relatives Define social history - answer Includes: 1. marital status 2. occupation 3. educational attainment 4. hobbies 5. use of alcohol/tobacco/drugs 6. lifestyles Define review of systems - answer orderly and systematic check of each organ and system of the boy by questions. What are the 3 vital signs that are necessary for life? - answer 1. temperature 2. respiration 3. heart function (blood pressure) What are the four vital signs of body function? - answer 1. temperature 2. pulse 3. respiration 4. blood pressure What is the normal range of body temperature? - answer 96.6-100.6 F Define body temperature - answer the balance between heat production and heat loss Body temperature is regulated by what structure? - answer the hypothalamus Site for most accurate body temperature - answer Rectum Least accurate site for body temperature - answer Axillary 3 types of fever - answer 1. Intermittent 2. Remittent 3. Continuous Define intermittent fever - answer fluctuating fever that returns to or below baseline then rises again Define remittent fever - answer fluctuating fever that remains elevated: it does not return to baseline temperature Define continuous fever - answer a fever that remains constant above the baseline: it does not fluctuate Which is the most common site for temperatures - answer oral In patients who have just finished eating, drinking, or smoking, how long should you wait before taking a temperature - answer 30 minutes Patients with heart disease should not have which temperature taken? - answer rectal Normal pulse range - answer 60-100 bpm Most accurate pulse - answer apical pulse Normal respiratory range - answer 12 to 20 per minute in adults 3 respiratory rate abnormalities - answer 1. apnea 2. tachypnea 3. bradypnea Define apnea - answer temporary complete absence of breathing which may be a result of a reduction in the stimuli to the respiratory centers of the brain Define tachypnea - answer respiration rate of greater than 40/minute. It is transient in the newborn and maybe caused by hysteria in the adult Define bradypnea - answer decrease in the number of respirations. This occurs during sleep, or certain diseases. Define respiratory rhythm - answer refers to the pattern of breathing. Can vary with age: infants have an irregular rhythm, while adults have regular. 2 abnormal respiratory rythms - answer 1. Cheyenne-Stokes 2. Orthopnea Define Cheyenne-Stokes breathing rate - answer a regular pattern of irregular breathing rate Define orthopnea - answer difficulty or inability to breathe unless in the upright position Patient position when the head is 90 degrees upright - answer high-Fowler's position Define depth of respiration - answer the amount of air that is inspired and expired during each respiration Name 2 abnormalities in the depth of respiration - answer 1. hypoventilation 2. hyperventilation Define hypoventilation - answer state in which reduced amount of air enters the lungs resulting in decreased oxygen level and increased carbon dioxide level in blood. It can be due to breathing that is too shallow, or too slow, or due to diminished lung function Define hyperpnea - answer abnormal increase in the depth and rate of breathing define hyperventilation - answer state in which there is an increased amount of air entering the lungs Define blood pressure - answer the amount of force exerted by the blood on the peripheral arterial walls How is blood pressure expressed - answer mm of Hg The appropriate width of a cuff is what? - answer 40% of the circumference of the limb