ANSC 221 Purdue: Final Exam All Possible Questions
and Answers Already Passed 100%
Who was Dr. William Beaumont?
He tried to close a hole in the stomach of Alexio St. Martin.
What did Dr. William Beaumont propose?
Proposed in 1833 that the noises you hear from your stomach are stomach
contractions and not spirit.
Who is Lavoisier?
The Father of Nutrition
What did Lavoisier design?
Designed a calorimeter which measured the heat produced by the body from work
and consumption of varying amounts and types of foods
Who was Dr. James Lind?
A British naval surgeon who determined that lemon juice (called limes) kept sailors
healthy, preventing scurvy. Hence the British navalmen are called limeys.
What did Babcock propose?
feed dairy cattle feed from just one source, all corn plant or all wheat plant
Who were the associates of Babcock that finished his feeding experiment?
Hart, Humphrey, McCollum, and Steenbock
What did Funk do?
Named vitamins after "vital amines", thought newly discovered things were amines
What was the earliest recorded nutritional experiment?
Book of Daniel in the Bible. Daniel was among the finest young men captured by the
King of Babylon when the Babylonians over ran Israel, and was to serve in the King's
court. He was to be fed from the King's table of fine foods and wine. Daniel objected
and preferred his own choices, which included vegetables (pulses) and water. The
chief steward was afraid for his head, but agreed to a trial. Daniel and his friends
received his own diet for 10 days and then were compared to the King's men. As
they appeared fitter and healthier, they were allowed to continue with their own
foods, not defiling themselves with those of the King.
Define a sugar
A term usually denoting a mono or di saccharide. Technically sugars are polyhydroxy
aldehydes or ketones or their anhydrides.
Define monosaccharide
a simple sugar, composed of one sugar molecule
Define disaccharide
Two units of simple sugars combined. Example: sucrose is composed of glucose +
fructose.
Define polysaccharide
Any chain of sugar molecules composed of more than two simple sugars is usually
called a polysaccharide, although technically there are trisaccharides as well as
monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Define starch
A polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltose (glucose + glucose)
hooked together with alpha bonds. Quite digestible. Two forms are amylase and
amylopectin.
Define cellulose
, A complex carbohydrate composed primarily of glucose molecules hooked together
with beta bonds. Since the beta bond is unbreakable by any mammalian enzyme
(mammals don't make cellulase), it is indigestible without microbial help.
Define glycogen
A form of polysaccharide that is stored in animal cells for ready energy. It is made of
all glucose, with considerable branching in its structure. It is only present in very
limited quantities for a ready supply of stored energy.
Define glucose
A simple sugar, monosaccharide, hexose. The most important sugar as blood sugar.
Most polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose) are made up of repeating units of
glucose
Define ribose
A pentose (5 carbon simple sugar) that is in the structure of RNA and DNA. Its
importance nutritionally is much less however, than that would indicate because we
do not have to consume it; the body can manufacture what is needed.
Define fructose
A monosaccharide (hexose). Part of sucrose (talbe sugar). Used in soft drinks as a
sweetener in place of more expensive sucrose.
Define galactose
Define maltose
A dissacharide composed of 2 units of glucose hooked together with alpha bonds. It
forms the repeating unit of starch. Quite digestible.
Define cellobiose
Define hemicellulose
Define lignin
Define amylase
Define amylopectin
A kind of starch (a polysaccharide) composed of sugar molecules with considerable
branching (as contrasted with amylose which contains little branching).
Define amylose
Define cellulase
Define xylose
Define acetic acid
Define propionic acid
A short chain, 3-carbon, volatile fatty acid. Important in nutrition as being one of the
VFA's formed by microbial fermentation in the rumen and cecum. Its salt is
propionate
Define butyric acid
Define palmitic acid
Define stearic acid
Define oleic acid
Define arachidonic acid
Define glycerol
Define triglyceride
Define phenylalanine
Define valine
Define tryptophan
Define threonine
Define isoleucine
Define methionine
and Answers Already Passed 100%
Who was Dr. William Beaumont?
He tried to close a hole in the stomach of Alexio St. Martin.
What did Dr. William Beaumont propose?
Proposed in 1833 that the noises you hear from your stomach are stomach
contractions and not spirit.
Who is Lavoisier?
The Father of Nutrition
What did Lavoisier design?
Designed a calorimeter which measured the heat produced by the body from work
and consumption of varying amounts and types of foods
Who was Dr. James Lind?
A British naval surgeon who determined that lemon juice (called limes) kept sailors
healthy, preventing scurvy. Hence the British navalmen are called limeys.
What did Babcock propose?
feed dairy cattle feed from just one source, all corn plant or all wheat plant
Who were the associates of Babcock that finished his feeding experiment?
Hart, Humphrey, McCollum, and Steenbock
What did Funk do?
Named vitamins after "vital amines", thought newly discovered things were amines
What was the earliest recorded nutritional experiment?
Book of Daniel in the Bible. Daniel was among the finest young men captured by the
King of Babylon when the Babylonians over ran Israel, and was to serve in the King's
court. He was to be fed from the King's table of fine foods and wine. Daniel objected
and preferred his own choices, which included vegetables (pulses) and water. The
chief steward was afraid for his head, but agreed to a trial. Daniel and his friends
received his own diet for 10 days and then were compared to the King's men. As
they appeared fitter and healthier, they were allowed to continue with their own
foods, not defiling themselves with those of the King.
Define a sugar
A term usually denoting a mono or di saccharide. Technically sugars are polyhydroxy
aldehydes or ketones or their anhydrides.
Define monosaccharide
a simple sugar, composed of one sugar molecule
Define disaccharide
Two units of simple sugars combined. Example: sucrose is composed of glucose +
fructose.
Define polysaccharide
Any chain of sugar molecules composed of more than two simple sugars is usually
called a polysaccharide, although technically there are trisaccharides as well as
monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Define starch
A polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltose (glucose + glucose)
hooked together with alpha bonds. Quite digestible. Two forms are amylase and
amylopectin.
Define cellulose
, A complex carbohydrate composed primarily of glucose molecules hooked together
with beta bonds. Since the beta bond is unbreakable by any mammalian enzyme
(mammals don't make cellulase), it is indigestible without microbial help.
Define glycogen
A form of polysaccharide that is stored in animal cells for ready energy. It is made of
all glucose, with considerable branching in its structure. It is only present in very
limited quantities for a ready supply of stored energy.
Define glucose
A simple sugar, monosaccharide, hexose. The most important sugar as blood sugar.
Most polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose) are made up of repeating units of
glucose
Define ribose
A pentose (5 carbon simple sugar) that is in the structure of RNA and DNA. Its
importance nutritionally is much less however, than that would indicate because we
do not have to consume it; the body can manufacture what is needed.
Define fructose
A monosaccharide (hexose). Part of sucrose (talbe sugar). Used in soft drinks as a
sweetener in place of more expensive sucrose.
Define galactose
Define maltose
A dissacharide composed of 2 units of glucose hooked together with alpha bonds. It
forms the repeating unit of starch. Quite digestible.
Define cellobiose
Define hemicellulose
Define lignin
Define amylase
Define amylopectin
A kind of starch (a polysaccharide) composed of sugar molecules with considerable
branching (as contrasted with amylose which contains little branching).
Define amylose
Define cellulase
Define xylose
Define acetic acid
Define propionic acid
A short chain, 3-carbon, volatile fatty acid. Important in nutrition as being one of the
VFA's formed by microbial fermentation in the rumen and cecum. Its salt is
propionate
Define butyric acid
Define palmitic acid
Define stearic acid
Define oleic acid
Define arachidonic acid
Define glycerol
Define triglyceride
Define phenylalanine
Define valine
Define tryptophan
Define threonine
Define isoleucine
Define methionine
